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. 2020 Feb 13:2020:1796247.
doi: 10.1155/2020/1796247. eCollection 2020.

Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Brian F Degenhardt  1   2 , Zane Starks  1 , Shalini Bhatia  3
Affiliations

Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Brian F Degenhardt et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

The DIERS formetric 4D provides a safe method to monitor and track the progression of postural deformities over time. However, further evaluation of reliability is necessary. Reference values are also needed to indicate postural change. The current study examined the reliability of spine shape parameters produced by the formetric 4D in adults without postural abnormalities and established reference values to determine when real change occurs. Thirty participants were scanned during 1 week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for 40 spine shape parameters for scans with participants stationary between scans, scans with repositioning between scans, and between days. Within-day and between-day standard error of measurement (SEM), absolute relative SEM, and smallest detectable change (SDC) were reported. ICC for stationary scans was excellent for 29 parameters, good for 10 parameters, and fair for 1 parameter. With repositioning, ICC was excellent for 27 parameters, good for 12 parameters, and fair for 1 parameter. Between days, ICC was excellent for 26 parameters, good for 10 parameters, and fair for 4 parameters. Within-day SEM% was greater than 10% for 6 parameters. Within-day SDC ranged from 1.80 to 25.03 units for a single scan and from 0.97 to 17.93 units for 6 scans. Between-day SEM% was greater than 10% for 9 parameters. Between-day SDC ranged from 1.44 to 28.24 units for a single scan and from 1.05 to 22.2 units for 6 scans. Thirty-six of the 40 spine shape parameters from the DIERS formetric 4D reliably distinguished between participants over time. Reference values were established that can be used to track patient postural change over time. Future research should investigate the clinical relevance of these 40 spine shape parameters and determine when a clinically important change in posture occurs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Example of formetric 4D projection unit set-up with participant positioning. Image used with permission from DIERS Medical Systems.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Formetric 4D recording (a), digitizing and 3D modeling (b), calculating curvature (c), and measurement procedure (d). Images used with permission from DIERS Medical Systems.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Smallest detectable change (SDC) for kyphotic angle ICT-ITL. Abbreviations: ICT: cervicothoracic transition point; ITL: thoracolumbar transition point.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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