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. 2020 Jun;47(6):737-746.
doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13274. Epub 2020 May 12.

Treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes

Philip M Preshaw  1   2 , John J Taylor  1   2 , Katrin M Jaedicke  1   2 , Marko De Jager  3 , Jan Willem Bikker  4 , Wieke Selten  4 , Susan M Bissett  1   2 , Kerry M Whall  1 , Rachel van de Merwe  1   2 , Aisha Areibi  1   2 , Paiboon Jitprasertwong  1   2 , Rana Al-Shahwani  1   2 , Jolanta Weaver  2 , Roy Taylor  2 , Rebecca R Wassall  1
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Treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes

Philip M Preshaw et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jun.

Abstract

Aims: To assess the impact of periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 83) and without diabetes (controls, n = 75) were recruited, and participants with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and 12 months' follow-up. Biomarkers for periodontal inflammation (gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, adiponectin) and serum markers of inflammation and diabetes control (glycated haemoglobin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, leptin, adiponectin) were measured. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate periodontal treatment effects on oral and systemic inflammation.

Results: Periodontal treatment resulted in significant improvements in clinical status and reductions in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers from baseline to month 12. Structural equation modelling identified that, at baseline, individuals with diabetes and periodontitis had significantly higher systemic inflammation than non-diabetic controls with periodontitis (Δ = 0.20, p = .002), with no significant differences between groups for oral inflammation. There was a greater reduction in systemic inflammation following periodontal treatment in individuals with diabetes and periodontitis compared to those with periodontitis but not diabetes (Δ = -0.25, p = .01).

Conclusions: Diabetes and periodontitis together appear to increase systemic inflammation, with evidence of reductions following periodontal treatment.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; inflammation; periodontitis; type 2.

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References

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