Long-Term Survival Following Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Trials with the Carillon Device

Abstract

Purpose: To report long-term survival and to identify potential determinants of survival among patients receiving treatment for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) with the Carillon device.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis in which we pooled prospectively collected data from three studies of the Carillon device with available long-term vital status data. Patient eligibility in these trials specified symptomatic congestive heart failure despite guideline-directed medical therapy, grade 2 to 4 FMR, left ventricular enlargement, and reduced ejection fraction. Echocardiographic parameters were available through the 12-month visit and vital status was available through 5 years. The association of patient characteristics and changes in echocardiographic parameters at 6 and 12 months with long-term survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results: A total of 74 patients (mean age 67 years, 72% male, 59% MR grade 3 or 4) were treated with the Carillon device. Over 1 year of follow-up, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class decreased in 64% of patients, distance on the 6-minute walk test increased, and echocardiographic measures indicated significant decreases in MR grade and favorable left ventricular remodeling. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 83.6% at 1 year, 73.1% at 2 years, 67.9% at 3 years, and 56.2% at 4 and 5 years of follow-up. Primary determinants of long-term survival were a decrease in NYHA class, an increase in 6-minute walk test distance, and a decrease in regurgitant volume during the first year of follow-up.

Conclusions: Among patients with congestive heart failure and grade 2 to 4 FMR who were symptomatic despite guideline-directed medical therapy, transcatheter mitral valve repair with the Carillon device resulted in a favorable 5-year survival rate. The survival benefit was greatest among patients with improvement in clinical and hemodynamic parameters during the first year of follow-up.

Keywords: Heart failure; Indirect annuloplasty; Secondary mitral regurgitation; Survival.