Update on bradykinin-mediated angioedema in 2020

Abstract

Bradykinin-mediated angioedema is a rare disease, due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability resulting from bradykinin. This kind of angioedema affects abdominal and/or upper airways. It differs clinically from histamine-mediated angioedema by the absence of urticaria or skin rash. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are not effective. Delayed diagnosis can lead to inadequate and potentially fatal management by asphyxiation. Bradykinin-mediated angioedema results from either overproduction of bradykinin or inhibition of its degradation. Etiology can be hereditary or acquired. Deficiency of C1 inhibitor and drug induced are the main causes of bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Its diagnosis is clinical (presentation, family history, seriousness, frequency, etc.) and biological (dosage of C1-INH level, C1-INH activity, and complement protein 4 level). Acute attack treatment is based on C1-inhibitor concentrates and icatibant, a bradykinin receptor antagonist. Long-term prophylaxis can be necessary, especially before surgical and dental procedures. New drugs, including gene therapy, are being tested.

Keywords: Angioedema; Angiotensin converting enzyme; Bradykinin; C1-inhibitor deficiency; Pharmacology.