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Review
. 2020 Feb 11:11:13.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00013. eCollection 2020.

Immunoregulatory Effects of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Immune Cells

Min Xie  1 , Wei Xiong  2 , Zhou She  1 , Zaichi Wen  1 , Amin Sheikh Abdirahman  1 , Wuqing Wan  1 , Chuan Wen  1
Affiliations
Review

Immunoregulatory Effects of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Immune Cells

Min Xie et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Recent investigations on the regulatory action of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on immune cells in vitro and in vivo have sparked interest on the subject. As commonly known, EVs are subcellular components secreted by a paracellular mechanism and are essentially a group of nanoparticles containing exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They are double-layer membrane-bound vesicles enriched with proteins, nucleic acids, and other active compounds. EVs are recognized as a novel apparatus for intercellular communication that acts through delivery of signal molecules. EVs are secreted by almost all cell types, including stem/progenitor cells. The EVs derived from stem/progenitor cells are analogous to the parental cells and inhibit or enhance immune response. This review aims to provide its readers a comprehensive overview of the possible mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects exerted by stem/progenitor cell-derived EVs upon natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes/macrophages, microglia, T cells, and B cells.

Keywords: exosome; extracellular vesicle; immune cell; immunoregulatory; microvesicle; stem/progenitor cell.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bidirectional interaction between stem cells and immune cells through their respective EVs. By delivering proteins, nucleic acids, organelles, etc., EVs released from stem cells may inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of the immune cells to induce immunotolerance. Conversely, EVs released from immune cells may motivate the migration and recruitment of stem cells to promote tissue repair. EVs, extracellular vesicles; SCs, stem cells; ICs, immune cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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