Transfusion in Elective Aortic Root Replacement: Analysis of the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database

Abstract

Background: Data on blood use in proximal aortic surgery is limited. This study sought to establish quality benchmarks in the pattern of transfusion during elective aortic root replacement.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database was queried to identify all patients who underwent primary elective aortic root replacement between July 2014 and June 2017. Multivariable negative binomial regressions were used to determine whether perioperative transfusion was associated with demographic or procedural factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for clinical outcomes.

Results: Of 5559 patients analyzed, 38.95% (n = 2165) received no blood products. Patients who had a valve-sparing root replacement were less likely to undergo transfusion than those who received composite roots (bioprosthetic or mechanical valves) or homografts. The 30-day mortality for all patients was 2.57% (n = 143). Transfusion was associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 1.833; P = .012), more frequent reoperation for bleeding (OR, 1.766; P < .001), prolonged ventilation (OR, 1.935; P < .001), a longer postoperative hospital stay (OR, 1.056; P < .001), and a higher incidence of new dialysis-dependent renal failure (OR, 2.088; P = .003). There was no correlation between institutional case volume and transfusion practice.

Conclusions: Elective aortic root replacement can be performed with acceptable requirements for blood products. Composite root replacement has a greater likelihood of transfusion than does a valve-sparing procedure. Transfusion is independently associated with more complications after elective aortic root surgery, including 30-day mortality.