Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Feb;10(1):1-12.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.003. Epub 2019 Oct 1.

Nanodiamonds with powerful ability for drug delivery and biomedical applications: Recent updates on in vivo study and patents

Swati Chauhan  1 , Neha Jain  1 , Upendra Nagaich  1
Affiliations
Review

Nanodiamonds with powerful ability for drug delivery and biomedical applications: Recent updates on in vivo study and patents

Swati Chauhan et al. J Pharm Anal. 2020 Feb.

Abstract

Nanodiamonds are novel nanosized carbon building blocks possessing varied fascinating mechanical, chemical, optical and biological properties, making them significant active moiety carriers for biomedical application. These are known as the most 'captivating' crystals attributed to their chemical inertness and unique properties posing them useful for variety of applications in biomedical era. Alongside, it becomes increasingly important to find, ascertain and circumvent the negative aspects associated with nanodiamonds. Surface modification or functionalization with biological molecules plays a significant role in managing the toxic behavior since nanodiamonds have tailorable surface chemistry. To take advantage of nanodiamond potential in drug delivery, focus has to be laid on its purity, surface chemistry and other considerations which may directly or indirectly affect drug adsorption on nanodiamond and drug release in biological environment. This review emphasizes on the basic properties, synthesis techniques, surface modification techniques, toxicity issues and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds. For the development of nanodiamonds as an effective dosage form, researchers are still engaged in the in-depth study of nanodiamonds and their effect on life interfaces.

Keywords: Biochemical application; Diamondoids; Drug targeting; Nanomedicine; Surface functionalization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of nanodiamond classification.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pictorial representation of properties of nanoparticles and diamonds.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Basic structure of nanodiamonds with surface functional groups.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Diagrammatic illustration of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in nanodiamonds.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Diagrammatic presentation of nanodiamonds synthesis via detonation technique.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Flowchart representation of nanodiamonds synthesis via chemical vapor deposition technique and ultrasonic technique.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
In vitro cytotoxicity (MTT) assay for nanodiamonds.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Model organisms used for in vivo studies with nanodiamonds.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Illustration of several schemes for the surface functionalization of nanodiamonds.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cha C., Shin S.R., Docemeci N. Carbon based nanomaterials: multi functional materials for biomedical engineering. ACS Nano. 2013;7:2891–2897. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Georgakilas V., Perman J.A., Tucek J. Broad family of carbon nanoallotropes: classification, chemistry, and applications of fullerenes, carbon dots, nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamonds, and combined superstructures. Chem. Rev. 2015;115:4744–4822. - PubMed
    1. Chaudhary A., Welch J.O., Jackman R.B. Electrical properties of monodispersed detonation nanodiamonds. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010;96:242903.
    1. Vul A.Y., Dideikin A.T., Aleksenskii A.E. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2014. Detonation Nanodiamonds: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, RSC Nanosci. Nanotechnol; pp. 37–48.
    1. Tisler J., Balasubramanian G., Naydenov B. Fluorescence and spin properties of defects in single digit nanodiamonds. ACS Nano. 2009;3:1959–1965. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources