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. 2020 Mar 4;15(3):e0229765.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229765. eCollection 2020.

Analysis of serum inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetic patients and their influence on renal function

Liliane Silvano Araújo  1 , Marcos Vinícius da Silva  2 , Crislaine Aparecida da Silva  1 , Maria de Fátima Borges  3 , Heloísa Marcelina da Cunha Palhares  3 , Laura Penna Rocha  1 , Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa  1 , Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior  2 , Marlene Antônia Dos Reis  1 , Juliana Reis Machado  1
Affiliations

Analysis of serum inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetic patients and their influence on renal function

Liliane Silvano Araújo et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without renal alteration (RA) function.

Methods: Serum samples from 76 patients with T2DM and 24 healthy individuals were selected. Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups according to eGFR (> or < 60mL/min/1.73m2). Cytokines, chemokines and adipokines levels were evaluated using the Multiplex immunoassay and ELISA.

Results: TNFR1 and leptin were higher in the T2DM group with RA than in the T2DM group without RA and control group. All patients with T2DM showed increased resistin, IL-8, and MIP-1α compared to the control group. Adiponectin were higher and IL-4 decreased in the T2DM group with RA compared to the control group. eGFR positively correlated with IL-4 and negatively with TNFR1, TNFR2, and leptin in patients with T2DM. In the T2DM group with RA, eGFR was negatively correlated with TNFR1 and resistin. TNFR1 was positively correlated with resistin and leptin, as well as resistin with IL-8 and leptin.

Conclusion: Increased levels of TNFR1, adipokines, chemokines and decrease of IL-4 play important role in the inflammatory process developed in T2DM and decreased renal function. We also suggest that TNFR1 is a strong predictor of renal dysfunction in patients with T2DM.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Serum cytokine concentrations in the T2DM group without and with RA and control group.
(a) Serum IL-4 level in T2DM patients and controls and (b) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (c) Serum TNFR1 level in T2DM patients and controls and (d) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (e) Serum TNFR2 level in T2DM patients and controls and (f) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (g) Serum TNF-α in T2DM patients and controls and (h) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (i) Serum INF-γ level in T2DM patients and controls and (j) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. RA, renal alteration.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Serum adipokine levels in T2DM group without and with RA and control group.
(a) Serum adiponectin levels in T2DM patients and controls and (b) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (c) Serum resistin level in T2DM patients and controls and (d) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (e) Serum leptin level in T2DM patients and controls and (f) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. RA, renal alteration.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Serum chemokine levels in the T2DM group without and with RA and control group.
(a) Serum IL-8 level in T2DM patients and controls and (b) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (c) Serum eotaxin level in T2DM patients and controls and (d) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (e) Serum MIP-1α level in T2DM patients and controls and (f) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. (g) Serum MIP-1β level in T2DM patients and controls and (h) T2DM patients without and with RA vs. controls. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. RA, renal alteration.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Correlations between cytokine serum levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in T2DM patients and T2DM with RA.
(a) Positive and significant correlation between IL-4 level and eGFR in T2DM patients. (b) Negative and significant correlation, in T2DM patients, between TNFR1 level and eGFR, (c) between TNFR2 level and eGFR and (d) between leptin level and eGFR. (e) Negative and significant correlation, in T2DM with RA group, between TNFR1 level and eGFR and (f) between resistin level and eGFR. RA, renal alteration.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Correlations between serum cytokine and adipokine levels in patients with T2DM with RA.
(a) Positive and significant correlation between TNFR1 and resistin levels, (b) between TNFR1 and leptin levels, (c) between resistin and leptin levels, (d) between resistin and IL-8 levels in patients with T2DM with RA. RA, renal alteration.
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