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. 2020 Mar 4;20(1):49.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-01736-4.

Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa

Petronillah R Sichewo  1   2 , Tiny M Hlokwe  3 , Eric M C Etter  4   5   6 , Anita L Michel  7   8
Affiliations

Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa

Petronillah R Sichewo et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa.

Results: SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.

Keywords: African buffalo; Bovine tuberculosis (bTB); Cattle; Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis); Strains; Wildlife; Wildlife/livestock interface.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Dendrogram showing genetic relationships of M. bovis isolates from cattle registered at dip tanks (Nibela, Nkomo, Masakeni, Mpempe, Hlazana, Nakunazaphe), cattle from various farms in KZN (, Bergville), isolates from bTB infected wildlife from Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park (HiP), Mkhuze and Munyawana game reserves. Colours are for visual differentiation of different animal species. The spoligotype was also included for each isolate. VNTR profiles are labelled from 1 to 29. The isolates corresponded to individual animals identifiable by a unique BSL or TB number
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