Insurance Coverage, Employment Status, and Financial Well-Being of Young Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Abstract

Background: The economic cost of breast cancer is a major personal and public health problem in the United States. This study aims to evaluate the insurance, employment, and financial experiences of young female breast cancer survivors and to assess factors associated with financial decline.

Methods: We recruited 830 women under 40 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2013 and December 2014. The study population was identified through California, Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina population-based cancer registries. The cross-sectional survey was fielded in 2017 and included questions on demographics, insurance, employment, out-of-pocket costs, and financial well-being. We present descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to assess factors associated with financial decline.

Results: Although 92.5% of the respondents were continuously insured over the past 12 months, 9.5% paid a "higher price than expected" for coverage. Common concerns among the 73.4% of respondents who were employed at diagnosis included increased paid (55.1%) or unpaid (47.3%) time off, suffering job performance (23.2%), and staying at (30.2%) or avoiding changing (23.5%) jobs for health insurance purposes. Overall, 47.0% experienced financial decline due to treatment-related costs. Patients with some college education, multiple comorbidities, late stage diagnoses, and self-funded insurance were most vulnerable.

Conclusions: The breast cancer diagnosis created financial hardship for half the respondents and led to myriad challenges in maintaining employment. Employment decisions were heavily influenced by the need to maintain health insurance coverage.

Impact: This study finds that a breast cancer diagnosis in young women can result in employment disruption and financial decline.

Figure 1.

Insurance Status of Survey Respondents, 2017 Figure 1 exhibits the weighted proportion of survey respondents who were continuously insured by the same (71.3%) or different (21.2%) plans over the past 12 months, as of the date of the survey. The proportion of respondents who were continuously uninsured (1.4%) for 12 months and uninsured for less than 12 months is also displayed. Note: Weighted estimates

Figure 2.

Insurance Experiences of Survey Respondents, 2017 Figure 2 exhibits the weighted proportion of survey respondents who encountered health insurance barriers over the past 12 months, as of the date of the survey. 9.9% Paid more than they expected for health insurance, 7.3% lost their health insurance coverage, 3.3% couldn’t afford health insurance, 1.8% experienced excluded conditions, and 1.1% were turned down when they tried to buy health insurance. Note: Weighted estimates