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. 2020 Mar 5;25(5):1153.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25051153.

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. Extracts from Different Plant Parts: Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Lauryna Pudziuvelyte  1   2 , Mindaugas Liaudanskas  2   3 , Aiste Jekabsone  2   4 , Ilona Sadauskiene  4 , Jurga Bernatoniene  1   2
Affiliations

Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. Extracts from Different Plant Parts: Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Lauryna Pudziuvelyte et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Polyphenols play an important role on the health-promoting properties of humans. Plants belonging to Lamiaceae family are known as rich source of phenolic compounds. The current work aimed to evaluate the phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. ethanolic extracts from leaf, stem, flower, and whole herb. Twelve compounds were identified in ethanolic extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and rutin were predominant compounds in ethanolicic extracts. Using HPLC-ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) post-column assay, avicularin, chlorogenic, and rosmarinic acids were identified as the predominant radical scavengers in all ethanolic extracts. All tested preparations significantly reduced the level of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in mouse peritoneal macrophage cell culture. Stem and flower extracts were most efficient in reducing cytokine release, but leaf extract demonstrated stronger effect on prostaglandin E2 secretion. This is the first study exploring antioxidant efficiency by HPLC-ABTS post-column method and investigating anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts from E. ciliata different plant parts.

Keywords: Elsholtzia ciliata; HPLC–ABTS post-column; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant; natural compounds; polyphenols; rosmarinic acid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of ethanolic E. ciliata extracts. Results are means ± SD. Values with different capital (TFC) and lowercase (TPC) letter(s) are significantly different (p < 0.05) measured by Tukey‘s test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antiradical (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging) activities of ethanolic E. ciliata extracts. Results are means ± SD. Values with different capital (DPPH) and lowercase (ABTS) letter(s) are significantly different (p < 0.05) measured by Tukey‘s test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antioxidant (FRAP and CUPRAC) activities of ethanolic E. ciliata extracts. Results are means ± SD. Values with different capital (FRAP) and lowercase (CUPRAC) letter(s) are significantly different (p < 0.05) measured by Tukey‘s test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
E. ciliata leaves, stems, flowers, and whole herb extracts phenolic profiles at 320 nm wavelenght: 1—chlorogenic acid, 2—caffeic acid, 3—p-coumaric acid, 4—rutin, 5—hyperoside, 6—luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 7—avicularin, 8—apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 9—quercitrin, 10—rosmarinic acid, 11—apigenin, 12—diosmetin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
E. ciliata leaves, stems, flowers, and whole herb extracts ABTS post-column assay antiradical profile: 1—chlorogenic acid, 2—caffeic acid, 3—p-coumaric acid, 4—rutin, 5—hyperoside, 6—luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 7—avicularin, 8—apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 9—quercitrin; 10—rosmarinic acid, 11—apigenin, 12—diosmetin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of extracts obtained from different E. ciliata parts on LPS-induced TNF-α secretion. Results are presented as means ± SD. * significant difference compared to the Control, ^ compared to the LPS-only treatment (p < 0.05), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of extracts obtained from different E. ciliata parts on LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. Results are presented as means ± SD. * Significant difference compared to the Control, ^ compared to the LPS-only treatment (p < 0.05), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The effect of extracts obtained from different E. ciliata parts on LPS-induced Prostaglandin E2 secretion. Results are presented as means ± SD. * Significant difference compared to the Control, ^ compared to the LPS-only treatment (p < 0.05), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Ethanolic E. ciliata extracts dilution with cell medium for anti-inflammatory activity experiments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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