Antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic potencies of Pandanus tectorius fruits via increasing scavenger receptor-B1 genes expression and inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The adverse side effects of currently available drugs urge to find more effective and safe remedial agents. Alternative candidates from natural resources are of great consequence in the emerging of new drugs. Pandanus tectorius (Pandanaceae) was traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to cure certain diseases. Thus, the current study conducted to elucidate the potency of P. tectorius fruit as antiatherosclerosis and antihypercholesterolemia agents through the regulation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor (scavenger receptor [SR]-B1) gene expression and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase (HMGCR) in vitro, respectively. The P. tectorius fruit was noncytotoxic against the HepG2 cell line confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The P. tectorius fruit successfully upregulates the SR-B1 gene expression and downregulate the HMGCR. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that P. tectorius has good activity on the upregulation of HDL and subsequently downregulation of total cholesterol level. Moreover, P. tectorius fruit did not show any increase in toxicity biomarkers serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase in vivo. These results found that P. tectorius fruits have potency as the preventive agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis via SR-B1 and HMGCR mechanisms of action.

Keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; Pandanus tectorius; antiatherosclerosis; antihypercholesterolemia; scavenger receptor-B1.

Figure 1

Cytotoxicity property PHK, PEK and PMK of Pandanus tectorius fruit against HepG2 cell lines. PHK (Pandanus Hexane Extract), PEK (Pandanus Ethyl acetate Extract) and PMK (Pandanus Mathanol Extract)

Figure 2

The activity value of scavenger receptor-B1 promoter that given PHK, PEK, PMK and positive control (rosiglitazone)

Figure 3

(a-c) The effect of PHK on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase reductase activity at concentration of 400, 200, and 100 μg/mL compare to the inhibitor (Pravastatin)

Figure 4

Rats body weight during 42 days of treatment that taken each week

Figure 5

The reduction of total cholesterol levels during treatment on groups of standard food (A); control cholesterol food (B); PEK 500 g/kg BW (C); and PMK 500 g/kg BW (D)

Figure 6

The HDL cholesterol level during 42-day treatment