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. 2020 May:138:105637.
doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105637. Epub 2020 Mar 8.

Is long-term PM1 exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

Shuyuan Mao  1 , Shanshan Li  2 , Chongjian Wang  3 , Yisi Liu  4 , Na Li  1 , Feifei Liu  1 , Shuqiong Huang  5 , Suyang Liu  1 , Yuanan Lu  6 , Zhenxing Mao  3 , Wenqian Huo  3 , Gongbo Chen  7 , Hao Xiang  8 , Yuming Guo  9
Affiliations

Is long-term PM1 exposure associated with blood lipids and dyslipidemias in a Chinese rural population?

Shuyuan Mao et al. Environ Int. 2020 May.

Abstract

Background: Air pollution has been shown to be associated with blood lipid levels. However, studies on long-term ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM1) exposure in high-exposure areas are still limited. This study aimed to explore the associations among long-term PM1 exposure, blood lipids and dyslipidemias.

Methods: Baseline data of The Henan Rural Cohort study was used in present study, including a total of 39,259 participants aged from 18 to 79 years. Daily levels of PM1 were estimated by a spatiotemporal model using ground-level measurements of PM1, satellite remote sensing data and other predictors, according to participants' home addresses. Individual exposure to PM1 was the 3-year average before baseline investigation. Linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations among PM1, blood lipids ((total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)), and prevalence of dyslipidemias.

Results: The 3-year concentration of PM1 was 55.7 ± 2.1 μg/m3. Each 1 μg/m3 increment of PM1 was associated with an increase of 0.21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11%-0.31%) in TC and 0.75% (95% CI: 0.61%-0.90%) in LDL-C, while decrease of 2.68% (95% CI: 2.43%-2.93%) in TG and 0.47% (95% CI: 0.35%-0.59%) in HDL-C. Each 1 μg/m3 increase in PM1 was associated with 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%), 3% (95% CI: 2%-5%) and 5% (95% CI: 3%-7%) higher risks of hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Sex, age and BMI statistically modified the associations between PM1 with blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias.

Conclusions: Higher PM1 exposure was associated with adverse changes of blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias. Males, older and overweight participants were susceptive to the adverse effects of PM1.

Keywords: Blood lipids; Cohort study; Dyslipidemia; PM(1); Rural areas.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The locations of sampling sites in the Henan Rural Cohort Study.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Interactions of sex, age, BMI and lifestyle characteristics on associations between a 1 μg/m3 increment of PM1 and blood lipid levels. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Covariates included age, sex, BMI, education, marital status, family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, high fat diet, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, physical activities and family history of dyslipidemia.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Associations between per 1 μg/m3 increment of PM1 and dyslipidemias. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Baseline Model: Covariates included age, sex and BMI; Adjusted Model: Covariates included age, sex, BMI, education, marital status, family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, high fat diet, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, physical activities and family history of dyslipidemia.
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