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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Mar 11;20(1):129.
doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01414-3.

Uncontrolled hypertension in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of institution-based observational studies

Firehiwot Amare  1 , Bisrat Hagos  2 , Mekonnen Sisay  3 , Bereket Molla  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Uncontrolled hypertension in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of institution-based observational studies

Firehiwot Amare et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The prevalence of hypertension in Ethiopia is expected to reach up to 30%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients on treatment in Ethiopia.

Methods: Electronic databases and search engines including EMBASE (Ovid), PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar were searched for original records in the English language addressing hypertension control in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2018. Data were extracted using a format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 15.0 software for analyses. The study protocol is registered at PROSPERO with reference number ID: CRD42018116336.

Results: A total of 13 studies with 5226 hypertension patients were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in Ethiopia was 48% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36, 61%). The result of the sub-group analysis, based on the year of publications, revealed that the prevalence of uncontrolled BP was highest in 2016 (63%; CI: 60, 67%) and in 2015 (59%; CI: 53, 65%). Univariate meta-regression revealed that sampling distribution was not a source of heterogeneity for the pooled estimate as well as the sub group analysis.

Conclusion: The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was high in Ethiopia. This alarming public health issue fuels the ever-increasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The ministry of health has to design a policy and implementation mechanisms to reduce uncontrolled hypertension prevalence and improve awareness on blood pressure control.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Ethiopia; Hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A PRISMA flowchart showing the selection process of the articles
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot depicting the pooled estimate of the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among treated hypertensive patients in Ethiopia
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Univariate meta-regression model using sample size
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Sub-group analysis based on publication year of studies
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Univariate meta-regression model using publication year of studies
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Funnel plot illustrating publication bias of included studies with Logit event rate and standard error
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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