Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Feb 4;4(3):nzaa017.
doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa017. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Harmonizing Micronutrient Intake Reference Ranges for Dietary Guidance and Menu Planning in Complementary Feeding

Lynda M O'Neill  1 , Johanna T Dwyer  2 , Regan L Bailey  3 , Kathleen C Reidy  4 , Jose M Saavedra  5
Affiliations
Review

Harmonizing Micronutrient Intake Reference Ranges for Dietary Guidance and Menu Planning in Complementary Feeding

Lynda M O'Neill et al. Curr Dev Nutr. .

Abstract

There are no published harmonized nutrient reference values for the complementary feeding period. The aim of the study was to develop proposals on adequate and safe intake ranges of micronutrients that can be applied to dietary guidance and menu planning. Dietary intake surveys from 6 populous countries were selected as pertinent to the study and reviewed for data on micronutrients. The most frequently underconsumed micronutrients were identified as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate. Key published reference values for these micronutrients were identified, compared, and reconciled. WHO/FAO values were generally identified as initial nutrient targets and reconciled with nutrient reference values from the Institute of Medicine and the European Food Standards Authority. A final set of harmonized reference nutrient intake ranges for the complementary feeding period is proposed.

Keywords: birth to 24 months; complementary feeding; dietary intakes; dietary reference standards; infants; menu planning; micronutrient excesses; micronutrient gaps; nutrient reference values; young children.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Pan American Health Organization (World Health Organization). Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child. Washington (DC): PAHO/WHO; 2003.
    1. Fewtrell M, Bronsky J, Campoy C, Domellof M, Embleton N, Fidler Mis N, Hojsak I, Hulst JM, Indrio F, Lapillonne A et al.. Complementary feeding: a position paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64:119–32. - PubMed
    1. Motee A, Jeewon R.. Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding among infants. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2014;2:56–72.
    1. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Committee: Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Use. Report of the thirty-sixth session of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Use: Review of the Standard for Follow-up Formula. Bali, Indonesia: Codex Alimentarius Commission; 2014. p.90–107.
    1. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. Scientific opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA J. 2013;11:3408.

LinkOut - more resources