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Editorial
. 2020 Mar 13;126(6):722-724.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316650. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

When Memory Does Not Serve You Well

Caroline G Shimoura  1 , Keisa W Mathis  1
Affiliations
Editorial

When Memory Does Not Serve You Well

Caroline G Shimoura et al. Circ Res. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Editorials; adaptive immunity; blood pressure; cytokines; hypertension; sympathetic nervous system.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity increases homing of CD8+ T cells via β-adrenergic receptors—
Initial exposure to a hypertensive challenge enhances sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), which leads to increased activation of β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) on immune cells in the bone marrow, specifically CD8+ T cells. The hypertensive stimulus also increases antigen presentation to these CD8+ T cells, promoting their activation and subsequent secretion of inflammatory mediators like pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-17] and cytotoxic granules. All of these mediate end organ damage and long-term increases in blood pressure. Importantly, activation of CD8+ T cells also increases C-C chemokine ligands (CCL) like CCL19 and CCL21a that promote chemotaxis and homing of additional CD8+ T cells in the bone marrow and differentiation of these cells into effector memory (EM) cells. The sympathetic nerves are required to prime the environment of the bone marrow in order to maintain these CD8+ TEM cells. Upon repeated exposure to a hypertensive stimulus and antigens, the activated CD8+ TEM cells cause a heightened inflammatory response that is even larger than what occurred during the prior exposure. Taken together, the ability of CD8+ T cells to exert memory after the first exposure to a hypertensive challenge is detrimental and furthers the progression of the disease to severe hypertension. The sympathetic nerves and β2-adrenoceptors are necessary for this process; therefore, therapeutic strategies that target these may benefit patients with hypertension. SCG—superior celiac ganglion; NE—norepinephrine.
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