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. 2019 Dec 20;3(1):e144.
doi: 10.1002/hsr2.144. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Community health promotion programs for older adults: What helps and hinders implementation

Joanie Sims-Gould  1 , Thea Franke  1 , Sarah Lusina-Furst  1 , Heather A McKay  1
Affiliations

Community health promotion programs for older adults: What helps and hinders implementation

Joanie Sims-Gould et al. Health Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Background and aims: Despite the many known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens in many countries. Regular PA significantly decreases the odds of functional limitation and social disengagement. However, there is a dearth of publicly funded support services for older adults. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a formative evaluation to examine the implementation of community-driven health promotion programs for older adults in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: The Active Aging Grant (AAG) initiative funded 30 community-based organizations in British Columbia to design and deliver community-driven health promotion programs for older adults, with an explicit focus on PA and social connectedness. Guided by the Framework for Successful Implementation, we recruited program coordinators and participants and used semistructured interview guides to focus on design, delivery, and experience within the program. Framework analysis was used with NVivo 11.

Results: Thirty-six in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in 2017, after program completion. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 coordinators and 26 program participants from seven of the organizations. Eighteen were female; nine were male; 68% fell in the age range of 65-84. We detail the innovation characteristics, provider characteristics, and contextual factors that facilitate and impede program implementation. Aspects that facilitate implementation include that they promote PA, foster social connectedness, and address isolation and loneliness; personal accountability; affordability; program design; providers' appropriate skills; community collaborations; and transportation support. Aspects that hinder implementation include lack of resources for marketing and communications, lack of volunteers and dedicated staff, and access to transportation. We also highlight two themes that emerged outside the theoretical framework, the roles of gender and funding in program implementation.

Conclusions: As part of a formative evaluation, the information will help adapt and enhance implementation of a larger scale-out intervention aimed to increase PA and social connectedness amongst older adults in British Columbia, Canada.

Keywords: community‐based service sector; physical activity; social connectedness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors claim no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Framework for successful implementation. The framework for successful implementation that we present, integrates elements from Wandersman's interactive systems framework.25 Specifically, we pull the three specific systems which are deemed essential for effective implementation: The delivery system (which implements innovations in the world of practice), prevention support system (which provides training, technical assistance or other support to users in the field), and knowledge synthesis and translation system (which distills information about innovations and translates it into user‐friendly formats). Within the framework we present, we denote these systems as features of the innovation, or “innovation characteristics.” Arrows represent interaction across contextual levels in which the innovation operates
Figure 2
Figure 2
Location of the 2016‐2017 funded Active Aging Grant programs; British Columbia, Canada
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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