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. 2020 Mar 17;19(1):36.
doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-1121-0.

Health, income and poverty: evidence from China's rural household survey

Yang Zhou  1   2   3 , Yuanzhi Guo  4   5 , Yansui Liu  4   5   6
Affiliations

Health, income and poverty: evidence from China's rural household survey

Yang Zhou et al. Int J Equity Health. .

Abstract

Background: Understanding the health status of the poor households and the influence of unhealthy on their income can provide some vital insights into the effectiveness and appropriateness of poverty reduction solutions.

Methods: Based on a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 29,712 rural poor households, this study systematically investigated the causes of poverty and health status of Chinese rural poor households, and revealed the relationship between health, income and poverty.

Results: The health status of the rural poor in China is not optimistic, with 51.63% attributing their poverty to the illness of household members. NCDs are the biggest health threat to the rural poor in China. Over 60% of all the households have at least one patient and more than a quarter of the households with patients cannot afford expensive medical expenses. Although 98% of all the households participate in China's a rural health insurance system - the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme - 16% are still unable to bear their medical expenses after reimbursement from the scheme. Further, high altitude, ill-health and low-income are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. The per capita net income of poor households was inversely proportional to the altitude of their places of residence, family aging and unhealthy status, but was positively correlated with the number of workforces in their families.

Conclusions: Poverty due to illness is one of the root causes of rural poverty in China. With the backward medical infrastructure in high altitude areas, people are more prone to fall into the vicious circle of poverty-unhealthy-low income-poverty. The establishment of effective long-term mechanism of disease prevention and intervention is an important prerequisite to enhance the endogenous development power of the poor and reduce poverty.

Keywords: Health intervention; Health status; Poor households; Poverty alleviation; Rural China.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The nexus between poverty and health
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Causes of poverty for the interviewed households
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Health status of the surveyed household members (Notes: In unhealthy families, a family may have both chronic or infectious patients and disabled people, so the proportion in the right figure is more than 100%.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Types of NCDs
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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