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. 2020 Feb 28:11:189.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00189. eCollection 2020.

Diversity of Naturalized Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Populations in Central Argentina as a Source of Potential Adaptive Traits for Breeding

Juan P Renzi  1   2 , Guillermo R Chantre  2   3 , Petr Smýkal  4 , Alejandro D Presotto  2   3 , Luciano Zubiaga  1 , Antonio F Garayalde  5 , Miguel A Cantamutto  1   2   3
Affiliations

Diversity of Naturalized Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Populations in Central Argentina as a Source of Potential Adaptive Traits for Breeding

Juan P Renzi et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Roth) is native of Europe and Western Asia and it is the second most cultivated vetch worldwide. Hairy vetch is used as forage species in semiarid environments and as a legume cover crop in sub-humid and humid regions. Being an incompletely domesticated species, hairy vetch can form spontaneous populations in a new environment. These populations might contain novel and adaptive traits valuable for breeding. Niche occupancy based on geographic occurrence and environmental data of naturalized populations in central Argentina showed that these populations were distributed mainly on disturbed areas with coarse soil texture and alkaline-type soils. Low rainfall and warm temperatures during pre- and post-seed dispersal explained the potential distribution under sub-humid and semiarid conditions from Pampa and Espinal ecoregions. Conversely, local adaptation along environmental gradients did not drive the divergence among recently established Argentinian (AR) populations. The highest genetic diversity revealed by microsatellite analysis was observed within accessions (72%) while no clear separation was detected between AR and European (EU) genotypes, although naturalized AR populations showed strong differentiation with the wild EU accessions. Common garden experiments were conducted in 2014-16 in order to evaluate populations' germination, flowering, and biomass traits. European cultivars were characterized by low physical seed dormancy (PY), while naturalized AR accessions showed higher winter biomass production. Detected variation in the quantitative assessment of populations could be useful for selection in breeding for traits that convey favorable functions within specific contexts.

Keywords: Vicia villosa genotypes; genetic resource; microsatellites; naturalized population; niche-modeling; phenotypic characterization.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Spatial distribution and seed collection sites (circles) of naturalized hairy vetch populations in Argentina. Gray area shows studied regions and black circles indicate the populations used for phenotypic characterization in the common garden (A). Predicted potential distribution of HV populations in central Argentina based on climatic niche modeling results (B). Lighter colors correspond to lower probabilities of occurrence while darker colors correspond to higher probabilities of occurrence (created with MaxEnt 3.4.1k).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatterplot of the four improvement status groupings on the two canonical discriminant functions based on phenotypic traits in a common garden during 2014 and 2016.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between relative winter biomass and physical (PY) dormancy [area under the curve (AUC)] for each genotype (mean and standard error) evaluated in common garden during 2014 and 2016. For number references see Table 1 .
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal coordinate analyses (PCO) plots based on the individual simple sequence repeat (SSR) distance matrix.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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