Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Mar 13;10(3):165.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci10030165.

Pre-School Teachers' Knowledge, Belief, Identification Skills, and Self-Efficacy in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Conceptual Framework to Identify Children with ASD

Sahar Taresh  1 , Nor Aniza Ahmad  1 , Samsilah Roslan  1 , Aini Marina Ma'rof  1 , Sumaia Zaid  2
Affiliations
Review

Pre-School Teachers' Knowledge, Belief, Identification Skills, and Self-Efficacy in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Conceptual Framework to Identify Children with ASD

Sahar Taresh et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Recently, the identification and detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become an essential issue under ASD intervention services. The high percentage of ASD among children requires preschool teachers to recognizse children's abnormal development and identify them at an early stage, followed by referral to specialists. Therefore, this identification calls for a specific ability among preschool teachers, identified as knowledge, belief, identification skills, and self-efficacy (KBISSE). This conceptual framework aims to utilize the current literature to present a discussion on preschool teachers' KBISSE in identifying children with ASD and making decisions to refer children suspected with ASD to specialists. The conceptual framework is discussed based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the health belief model (HBM). The conceptual framework emphasizes the need for preschool teachers to be educated in ASD via an educational module that could increase teachers' self-efficacy in identifying children with ASD. Besides, knowledge in ASD, belief in ASD, and identification skills are also necessary variables for building the educational module. The educational module is useful for guiding future research on preschool teachers' identification of children with any disability, one of which is ASD, and subsequent specialist referral at an early stage.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder (ASD); belief; identify; knowledge; preschool teachers; self-efficacy; skills.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The research problem statement [2,8,21,22,23,24,25,26].
Figure 2
Figure 2
A conceptual framework for identifying children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Identification skills process.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Neely-Barnes S.L., Hall H.R., Roberts R.J., Graff J.C. Parenting a Child With an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Public Perceptions and Parental Conceptualizations. J. Fam. Soc. Work. 2011;14:208–225. doi: 10.1080/10522158.2011.571539. - DOI
    1. Barrie D. Master’s Thesis. University of Windsor; Windsor, ON, Canada: 2010. Factors That Influence Parents Toward Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    1. Sacrey L.-A.R., Zwaigenbaum L., Bryson S., Brian J., Smith I.M., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Roncadin C., Garon N., Novak C. Can parents’ concerns predict autism spectrum disorder? A prospective study of high-risk siblings from 6 to 36 months of age. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2015;54:470–478. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.014. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bryson S.E., Zwaigenbaum L., Roberts W. The early detection of autism in clinical practice. Paediatr. Child Health. 2004;9:219–221. doi: 10.1093/pch/9.4.219. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sallows G.O., Graupner T.D. Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: Four-year outcome and predictors. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 2005;110:417–438. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources