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. 2020 Mar 15;25(6):1335.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25061335.

Selective Extraction of Cannabinoid Compounds from Cannabis Seed Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

Yannick Nuapia  1 , Hlanganani Tutu  1 , Luke Chimuka  1 , Ewa Cukrowska  1
Affiliations

Selective Extraction of Cannabinoid Compounds from Cannabis Seed Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

Yannick Nuapia et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Phytochemicals of Cannabis sativa mainly for the use in the different industries are that of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is seen as an efficient, fast, green extraction technique for the removal of polar and semi-polar compounds from plant materials. The PHWE technique was applied to extract cannabinoid compounds from Cannabis sativa seed. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of extraction time (5-60 min), extraction temperature (50-200 °C) and collector vessel temperature (25-200 °C) on the recovery of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBG) and cannabigerol (CBC) from Cannabis sativa seed by PHWE. The identification and semi quantification of cannabinoid compounds were determined using GCXGC-TOFMS. The results obtained from different extractions show that the amount of THC and CBN was drastically decreasing in the liquid extract when the temperature rose from 140 to 160 °C in the extraction cell and the collector's vessel. The optimal conditions to extract more CBD, CBC, and CBG than THC and CBN were set at 150 °C, 160 °C and 45 min as extraction temperature, the temperature at collector vessel, and the extraction time, respectively. At this condition, the predicted and experimental ratio of THCt (THC + CBN)/CBDt (CBD + CBC+ CBG) was found to be 0.17 and 0.18, respectively. Therefore, PHWE can be seen as an alternative to the classic extraction approach as the efficiency is higher and it is environmentally friendly.

Keywords: cannabinoid compounds; pressurized hot water extraction; response surface methodology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pressurized hot water extraction setup with showing trap solution and oil heat bath for collector.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram (TIC) of cannabis extract at optimum condition.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fragmentation pattern of THC (A) and CBN (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fragmentation pattern of CBD (A), CBC (B) and CBG (C).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Predicted vs. observed values plot.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Coefficient plot.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Counter plot.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Counter plot: (TS = trap solution ).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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