Management of Hypotension and Bradycardia Caused By Spinal Cord Injury. The Usefulness of Midodrine and Methylxanthines

Abstract

Spinal cord injury is a devastating chronic condition resulting in temporary or permanent motor, sensory or autonomic dysfunction of the cord. The manifestation of spinal cord injury based on the severity and involved areas could be different. Numerous studies have demonstrated that bradycardia, hypotension, and orthostatic hypotension are present insignificant number of patients after spinal cord injury which peaks at 4^th day of injury. Although vasopressors are common drugs that have been used to restore blood pressure and heart rate in patients with neurogenic shock, there is limited data regarding pharmacologic management of bradycardia and hypotension after spinal cord injury. Midodrine is a potent vasopressor approved for the management of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Theophylline and aminophylline are methylxanthine derivatives. There are very few case reports concerning the use of midodrine and methylxanthines for treatment of hypotension in patients with spinal cord injury. In this case report and review of the articles we report a 45 year old woman with a diagnosis of spinal cord injury who was successfully managed with midodrine and aminophylline and then we review current case reports. Based on our case report and other available data, midodrine as well as methylxanthines can be suggested as therapeutic options for managing symptoms in spinal cord injury patients.

Keywords: Bradycardia; Case report; Hypotension; Methylxanthines; Midodrine; Spinal cord injury.