An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime

M Arakawa¹, T Saiki², K Wada³, K Ogawa^{4

5}, T Kadono⁶, K Shirai^{4

2}, H Sawada², K Ishibashi³, R Honda⁷, N Sakatani², Y Iijima², C Okamoto⁴, H Yano², Y Takagi⁸, M Hayakawa², P Michel⁹, M Jutzi¹⁰, Y Shimaki², S Kimura¹¹, Y Mimasu², T Toda², H Imamura², S Nakazawa², H Hayakawa², S Sugita^{3

12}, T Morota¹², S Kameda¹³, E Tatsumi^{12

14}, Y Cho¹², K Yoshioka¹⁵, Y Yokota^{2

7}, M Matsuoka², M Yamada³, T Kouyama¹⁶, C Honda¹⁷, Y Tsuda², S Watanabe^{2

18}, M Yoshikawa^{2

19}, S Tanaka^{2

19}, F Terui², S Kikuchi², T Yamaguchi², N Ogawa², G Ono²⁰, K Yoshikawa²⁰, T Takahashi², Y Takei^{2

20}, A Fujii², H Takeuchi^{2

19}, Y Yamamoto^{2

19}, T Okada^{2

21}, C Hirose²⁰, S Hosoda², O Mori², T Shimada², S Soldini²², R Tsukizaki², T Iwata^{2

19}, M Ozaki^{2

19}, M Abe^{2

19}, N Namiki^{23

24}, K Kitazato¹⁷, S Tachibana¹², H Ikeda²⁰, N Hirata¹⁷, N Hirata⁴, R Noguchi², A Miura^{2

19}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. masahiko.arakawa@penguin.kobe-u.ac.jp.
² Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
⁴ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
⁵ JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁶ Department of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan.
⁷ Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
⁸ Department of Regional Business, Aichi Toho University, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan.
⁹ Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.
¹⁰ Physics Institute, University of Bern, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
¹¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
¹² Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹³ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
¹⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan.
¹⁶ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
¹⁷ School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
¹⁸ Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
²⁰ Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²¹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²² Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TQ, UK.
²³ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
²⁴ Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.

PMID: 32193363
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1701

An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime

M Arakawa et al. Science. 2020.

. 2020 Apr 3;368(6486):67-71.

doi: 10.1126/science.aaz1701. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. masahiko.arakawa@penguin.kobe-u.ac.jp.
² Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
⁴ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
⁵ JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁶ Department of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan.
⁷ Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
⁸ Department of Regional Business, Aichi Toho University, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan.
⁹ Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.
¹⁰ Physics Institute, University of Bern, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
¹¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
¹² Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹³ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
¹⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan.
¹⁶ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
¹⁷ School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
¹⁸ Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
²⁰ Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²¹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²² Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TQ, UK.
²³ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
²⁴ Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.

PMID: 32193363
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1701

Abstract

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the small asteroid Ryugu, which has a rubble-pile structure. We describe an impact experiment on Ryugu using Hayabusa2's Small Carry-on Impactor. The impact produced an artificial crater with a diameter >10 meters, which has a semicircular shape, an elevated rim, and a central pit. Images of the impact and resulting ejecta were recorded by the Deployable CAMera 3 for >8 minutes, showing the growth of an ejecta curtain (the outer edge of the ejecta) and deposition of ejecta onto the surface. The ejecta curtain was asymmetric and heterogeneous and it never fully detached from the surface. The crater formed in the gravity-dominated regime; in other words, crater growth was limited by gravity not surface strength. We discuss implications for Ryugu's surface age.

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An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime

Affiliations

An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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LinkOut - more resources

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