CYD Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Performance by Baseline Immune Profile (Monotypic/Multitypic) in Dengue-Seropositive Individuals

Abstract

Background: The immune profile of dengue-experienced individuals is a determinant of dengue reinfection severity risk. Individuals with a single prior dengue infection (monotypic) are at highest risk for severe disease, while individuals with ≥ 2 prior dengue infections (multitypic) are at lower risk. The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) has shown efficacy in the prevention of dengue in individuals with prior dengue infection. We estimated efficacy in individuals with monotypic or multitypic immune profiles.

Methods: Participants enrolled in the immunogenicity subsets of 2 randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (CYD14, NCT01373281; CYD15, NCT01374516) were classified as either monotypic or multitypic, based on measured baseline dengue plaque reduction neutralization test. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) was assessed over 25 months and against VCD hospitalization over 6 years.

Results: Of 3927 participants in the immunogenicity subsets, 496 and 257 in the CYD-TDV and placebo groups, respectively, were classified as monotypic immune, and 1227 and 612, respectively, as multitypic immune. VE against symptomatic VCD was 77.4% (95% CI, 56.4%-88.2%) for monotypic and 89.2% (95% CI, 71.5%-95.9%) for multitypic profiles, with corresponding absolute risk reductions (ARRs) of 4.48% (95% CI, 2.32%-6.65%) for monotypics and 1.67% (95% CI, .89%-2.46%) for multitypics. VE against hospitalized VCD was 75.3% (95% CI, 42.7%-90.2%) in monotypics and 81.2% (95% CI, 21.7%-96.8%) in multitypics, with ARRs of 0.95% (95% CI, .37%-1.53%) for monotypics and 0.18% (95% CI, .02%-.34%) for multitypics.

Conclusions: CYD-TDV benefits individuals with monotypic and multitypic immune profiles. Larger public health benefit is expected to derive from the protection of individuals with a monotypic immune profile.

Keywords: CYD14; CYD15; dengue; monotypic; multitypic.

Figure 1.

Geometric means of dengue plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₅₀) antibody at baseline and post–dose 3 by baseline immune profile in monotypic (A) and multitypic (B) participants 9–16 years of age (CYD14 + CYD15, full analysis set). Monotypic immune profile: participants with plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₉₀) titers ≥ 10 (1/dilution) against only 1 dengue serotype at baseline. Multitypic immune profile: participants with PRNT₉₀ titers ≥ 10 (1/dilution) against at least 2 dengue serotypes at baseline.

Figure 2.

Geometric means of dengue plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₅₀) antibody (1/dilution) at baseline and post–dose 3 by baseline immune profile in monotypic (A) and multitypic (B) dengue-seropositive participants 2–8 years of age (CYD14, full analysis set). Monotypic immune profile: participants with plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₉₀) titers ≥ 10 (1/dilution) against only 1 dengue serotype at baseline. Multitypic immune profile: participants with PRNT₉₀ titers ≥ 10 (1/dilution) against at least 2 dengue serotypes at baseline.