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Practice Guideline
. 2020 Apr;118(2):S59-S63.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2020.S59.

[Recommendations for tumor lysis syndrome management]

[Article in Spanish]
Comité Nacional de Hematología, Oncología y Medicina Transfusional
Collaborators, Affiliations
Free article
Practice Guideline

[Recommendations for tumor lysis syndrome management]

[Article in Spanish]
Comité Nacional de Hematología, Oncología y Medicina Transfusional. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2020 Apr.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

The tumor lysis syndrome represents a potentially lethal complication caused by the massive release of nucleic acids, potassium and phosphate into the circulation as a result of the lysis of neoplastic cells, which are characterized by a rapid proliferation capacity and high sensitivity to drugs. This may occur spontaneously prior to the start of treatment, becoming worse after the initiation of chemotherapy. It presents a high mortality; its prevention continues being the most important therapeutic measure. The clinical picture is characterized by the existence of hydroelectrolytic metabolism disorders, in particular hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperuricemia and by the appearance of an acute renal lesion. Adequate therapeutic intervention involves intravenous hydration and measures to prevent or correct metabolic alterations. This article proposes guidelines to follow both in the diagnostic stage and in the treatment of this complication.

El síndrome de lisis tumoral representa una complicación potencialmente letal provocada por la liberación masiva de ácidos nucleicos, potasio y fosfato hacia la circulación como resultado de la lisis de células neoplásicas, las cuales se caracterizan por una rápida capacidad de proliferación y alta sensibilidad a fármacos. Esto puede ocurrir de forma espontánea antes del inicio del tratamiento y agravarse luego de haberse iniciado la quimioterapia. Presenta una alta mortalidad. Su prevención continúa siendo la medida terapéutica más importante. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por la existencia de trastornos del metabolismo hidroelectrolítico, en particular, hipercalemia, hiperfosfatemia e hiperuricemia y por la aparición de una lesión renal aguda. Una adecuada intervención terapéutica implica hidratación intravenosa y medidas para prevenir o corregir las alteraciones metabólicas. En este artículo, se proponen lineamientos para seguir tanto en la etapa diagnóstica como en el tratamiento de esta complicación.

Keywords: hyperkalemia; hyperuricemia; pediatrics; tumor lysis syndrome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

References

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