Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update

Nelesh P Govender^{1

2

3}, Graeme Meintjes^{4

5}, Phetho Mangena⁶, Jeremy Nel⁷, Samantha Potgieter⁸, Denasha Reddy⁹, Helena Rabie¹⁰, Douglas Wilson^{11

12}, John Black¹³, David Boulware¹⁴, Tom Boyles^{15

16}, Tom Chiller¹⁷, Halima Dawood^{18

19}, Sipho Dlamini²⁰, Thomas S Harrison²¹, Prudence Ive^{16

22}, Joseph Jarvis²³, Alan Karstaedt^{16

24}, Matamela C Madua²⁵, Colin Menezes^{9

16}, Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa²⁶, Zaaheera Motlekar²⁷, Amir Shroufi¹⁷, Sarah Lynn Stacey^{16

28}, Merika Tsitsi^{9

16}, Gilles van Cutsem^{29

30}, Ebrahim Variava^{16

31}, Michelle Venter^{9

16}, Rachel Wake^{1

21}

Affiliations

¹ National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
² School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³ Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Polokwane Hospital, Polokwane, South Africa.
⁷ Helen Joseph Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
¹¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹² School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
¹⁵ Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁶ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁷ Mycotic Diseases Branch, US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹⁹ Caprisa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
²⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²¹ Centre for Global Health, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
²² Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²³ Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
²⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁵ Department of Medicine, Rob Ferreira Hospital, Mbombela, South Africa.
²⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
²⁷ Department of Medicine, Kimberley Provincial Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa.
²⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa.
³⁰ Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
³¹ Department of Medicine, Tshepong Hospital, Klerksdorp, South Africa.

PMID: 32201629
PMCID: PMC7081625
DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update

Nelesh P Govender et al. South Afr J HIV Med. 2019.

. 2019 Nov 8;20(1):1030.

doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
² School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³ Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Polokwane Hospital, Polokwane, South Africa.
⁷ Helen Joseph Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
¹¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹² School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.
¹⁵ Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁶ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁷ Mycotic Diseases Branch, US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹⁹ Caprisa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
²⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²¹ Centre for Global Health, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
²² Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²³ Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
²⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁵ Department of Medicine, Rob Ferreira Hospital, Mbombela, South Africa.
²⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
²⁷ Department of Medicine, Kimberley Provincial Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa.
²⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa.
³⁰ Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
³¹ Department of Medicine, Tshepong Hospital, Klerksdorp, South Africa.

PMID: 32201629
PMCID: PMC7081625
DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v20i1.1030

No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.

Figures

**FIGURE 1**
Cryptococcal antigen screening and treatment algorithm.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis among HIV-infected persons: 2013 update. S Afr J HIV Med. 2013;14(2):a82 10.7196/sajhivmed.930 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. National Institute for Communicable Diseases GERMS-SA annual report Johannesburg, South Africa [homepage on the Internet]. National Institute for Communicable Diseases; 2017. [cited 02 September 2019]. Available from: http://www.nicd.ac.za/publications/archives/.
1. World Health Organization Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2017. [cited 02 September 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/advanced-HIV-disease/en/. - PubMed
1. World Health Organization Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018. [cited 02 September 2019]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/cryptococcal-disease/en/
1. Mfinanga S, Chanda D, Kivuyo SL, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis screening and community-based early adherence support in people with advanced HIV infection starting antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania and Zambia: An open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9983):2173–2182. 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60164-7 - DOI - PubMed

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Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update

Affiliations

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources