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. 2020 Apr 20;100(9):adv00114.
doi: 10.2340/00015555-3470.

The Changing Spectrum of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Europe

Angelika Stary  1
Affiliations

The Changing Spectrum of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Europe

Angelika Stary. Acta Derm Venereol. .

Abstract

As long as 400 years ago, syphilitic ulcers and gonococcal discharge were observed in connection with sexual intercourse. War, poverty, and lack of efficient therapeutic options led to a high incidence of venereal diseases, many of which had devastating outcomes. This situation continued until the beginning of the 20th century, when the microbial aetiology of venereal diseases was discovered. The infection rate dropped with the availability of antibiotic therapy after the Second World War. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, a steady increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been recognized worldwide. The number of reported cases of syphilis is increasing in Europe, especially in men having sex with men (MSM). Antibiotic resistance in several genital pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium, causes therapeutic problems. Viral genital infections have become a therapeutic challenge, especially for prevention of STIs. Due to better knowledge of the long-term consequences of STIs and the connection between genital cancer and papillomavirus infections, sexual health services with screening programmes have been established in many European countries. There is general awareness of the importance of human papilloma virus vaccination programmes for young adolescents as a preventive strategy for genital cancer.

Keywords: gonococcal resistance; syphilis; venereal disease; sexually transmitted infection.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Number of confirmed syphilis cases by gender, transmission category and year, EU/EEA countries reporting consistently, EU/EEA, 2010-2016. Source: Country reports from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Permission to publish this figure is given by Gianfranco Spiteri, ECDC. Gianfranco.Spiteri@ecdc.europa.eu.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of confirmed gonorrhoea cases by gender, transmission category and year, EU/EEA countries reporting consistently, EU/EEA, 2008–2016. Source: Country reports from the Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Permission to publish this figure is given by Gianfranco Spiteri, ECDC. Gianfranco.Spiteri@ecdc.europa.eu.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Confirmed lymphogranuloma venereum cases among the five EU/EEA Member States reporting the largest number of cases in 2016, 2007-2016. Permission to publish this figure is given by Gianfranco Spiteri, ECDC. Gianfranco.Spiteri@ecdc.europa.eu.
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