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. 2020 Jul;39(5):505-518.
doi: 10.1111/dar.13062. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Methamphetamine use, health and criminal justice system outcomes: A systematic review

Craig Cumming  1 , Stuart A Kinner  2   3   4   5   6 , Rebecca McKetin  7 , Ian Li  8 , David Preen  1
Affiliations

Methamphetamine use, health and criminal justice system outcomes: A systematic review

Craig Cumming et al. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Issues: Methamphetamine use is a problem for health and criminal justice systems (CJS) worldwide. Methamphetamine is used at higher rates in CJS-involved populations than the general community. This systematic review synthesises the evidence for health and CJS outcomes post-CJS contact for people reporting pre-CJS methamphetamine use.

Approach: Academic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed original studies using a longitudinal design that investigated associations between pre-CJS methamphetamine use and health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact. Identified studies were screened in two stages: title and abstract, then full-text. Data from the included studies were extracted and analysed. Results are reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Key findings: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria: five investigated health and four investigated CJS outcomes. Pre-CJS methamphetamine use was associated with subsequent hospitalisation for drug-induced psychosis, increased risk of recidivism and higher crime costs after CJS contact. Pre-CJS methamphetamine use was not associated with subsequent hospitalisation for non-drug induced psychosis or post-release mortality.

Implications: Current evidence suggests that pre-CJS contact methamphetamine use increases the risk of subsequent drug-induced psychosis and recidivism. There is a need for more longitudinal research that measures mediators and moderators of health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact, to inform targeted prevention.

Conclusion: Methamphetamine use is a major problem that is contributing to serious mental illness and recidivism among CJS-involved populations. Prioritising treatment during CJS contact is recommended. Further research to identify key opportunities during health service and CJS contact for intervention is needed.

Keywords: criminal justice; mental disorder; methamphetamine; risk; substance-related disorder.

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References

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    1. McKetin R, Lubman DI, Najman JM, Dawe S, Butterworth P, Baker AL. Does methamphetamine use increase violent behaviour? Evidence from a prospective longitudinal study. Addiction 2014;109:798-806.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances