Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jan-Feb;25(1):64-69.
doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.1.064-069.oar.

Impact of catastrophizing on pain during orthodontic treatment

Eduardo Oliveira da Costa  1 , Marco Nassar Blagitz  2 , David Normando  1   3
Affiliations

Impact of catastrophizing on pain during orthodontic treatment

Eduardo Oliveira da Costa et al. Dental Press J Orthod. 2020 Jan-Feb.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: This study proposed to investigate the influence of catastrophizing and others factors related to pain during orthodontic treatment.

Methods: 27 patients with 0.022 x 0.028-in Straight-wire brackets were evaluated during alignment and leveling phase with nickel-titanium wires. Visual Analog Scales measured the intensity of orthodontic pain at six moments after a clinical appointment: 6 first hours; 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Multiple linear regression and stepwise approach assessed the influence of the following variables on pain: catastrophizing, sex, age, duration of treatment, clinical appointment time (morning or afternoon), and wire diameter.

Results: The highest pain intensity was reported 24 hours after activation. These data were used to analyze factors associated with pain level. Age (r = 0.062, p= 0.7586), sex (p= 0.28), catastrophizing (r = -0.268, p= 0.1765), and orthodontic wire diameter (r = 0.0245, p= 0.2181) were not correlated with orthodontic pain in the univariate statistics. Catastrophizing was included in the multiple regression model because it was of great interest. Duration of orthodontic treatment (r = 0.6045, p= 0.0008) and the time when orthodontic appliance was activated (p= 0.0106) showed statistical significant associations with pain, and were also included in the multivariate regression, which showed that about 32% of orthodontic pain could be explained by the duration of treatment (R2= 0.32, p= 0.0475). Catastrophizing (R2= 0.0006, p= 0.8881) and clinical appointment time were not significantly associated with pain (R2= 0.037, p= 0.2710).

Conclusions: Pain after activation of fixed orthodontic appliance is not associated with catastrophizing as well as age, sex, orthodontic wire diameter, and period of activation.

Objetivo:: O presente estudo propôs-se a investigar a influência da catastrofização e outros fatores relacionados à dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico.

Métodos:: Foram selecionados 27 pacientes em tratamento com braquetes Straight-wire, slot 0,022” x 0,028”, na fase de alinhamento e nivelamento com fios de níquel-titânio. Usando Escalas Visuais Analógicas, mensurou-se a intensidade da dor em seis momentos após a ativação do aparelho: primeiras 6 horas; após 1, 2, 3, 5 e 7 dias. Por meio de regressão linear múltipla e regressão stepwise, avaliou-se a influência das seguintes variáveis sobre a dor: catastrofização, sexo, idade, tempo de tratamento, turno de atendimento (manhã ou tarde) e diâmetro do fio ortodôntico.

Resultados:: A maior intensidade de dor foi relatada 24 horas após a consulta de ativação do aparelho. Assim, esses dados foram usados para analisar os fatores associados ao nível de dor. Na análise estatística univariada, idade (r = 0,062, p= 0,7586), sexo (p= 0,28), catastrofização (r = -0,268, p= 0,1765) e diâmetro do fio ortodôntico (r = 0,0245, p= 0,2181) não estavam associados à dor. Apesar disso, a catastrofização foi incluída no modelo de regressão múltipla, por ser uma variável de maior interesse nesse estudo. A duração do tratamento ortodôntico (r = 0,6045, p= 0,0008) e o turno no qual o aparelho foi ativado (p= 0,0106) mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa com a dor e também foram incluídos na regressão multivariada, que mostrou que cerca de 32% da ocorrência de dor no tratamento ortodôntico poderiam ser explicados pelo tempo de tratamento (R2= 0,32, p= 0,0475). Catastrofização (R2= 0,0006, p= 0,8881) e turno de ativação do aparelho (R2= 0,037, p= 0,2710) não tiveram influência significativa sobre a ocorrência de dor.

Conclusão:: A dor após a ativação do aparelho não está associada à catastrofização, bem como à idade, sexo, diâmetro do fio ortodôntico e turno de atendimento.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no commercial, proprietary or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Intensity of pain after orthodontic appliance activation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mangnall LAR, Dietrich T, Scholey JM. A randomized controlled trial to assess the pain associated with the debond of orthodontic fixed appliances. J Orthod. 2013;40(3):188–196. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Smith RJ, Burstone CJ. Mechanics of tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1984;85(4):294–307. - PubMed
    1. Ratson T, Peretz B. Ranking of dental and somatic pain sensations among paediatric dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23(4):259–265. - PubMed
    1. Krishnan V. Orthodontic pain from causes to management: a review. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29(2):170–179. - PubMed
    1. Scheurer PA, Firestone AR, Burgin WB. Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18(4):349–357. - PubMed