. 2020 Mar 25;10(3):e033440.

doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033440.

Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study

Samantha Sze-Yee Lee¹, Gareth Lingham², Seyhan Yazar^{3

4}, Paul G Sanfilippo⁵, Jason Charng³, Fred K Chen^{3

6}, Alex W Hewitt^{5

7}, Fletcher Ng², Christopher Hammond⁸, Leon M Straker⁹, Peter R Eastwood^{10

11}, Stuart MacGregor¹², Kathryn A Rose¹³, Robyn M Lucas¹⁴, Jeremy A Guggenheim¹⁵, Seang-Mei Saw^{16

17}, Minas T Coroneo¹⁸, Mingguang He^{5

19}, David A Mackey^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia samantha.sy.lee29@gmail.com.
² Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
³ Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
⁴ Single Cell and Computational Genomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷ School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
⁸ Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
⁹ School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁰ Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
¹¹ Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
¹² Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research - QIMR, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
¹³ University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ Australian National University, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
¹⁵ School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, UK.
¹⁶ Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
¹⁷ Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁸ Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁹ State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

PMID: 32217560
PMCID: PMC7170556
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033440

Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study

Samantha Sze-Yee Lee et al. BMJ Open. 2020.

. 2020 Mar 25;10(3):e033440.

doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033440.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia samantha.sy.lee29@gmail.com.
² Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
³ Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
⁴ Single Cell and Computational Genomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ Centre for Eye Research Australia Ltd, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁷ School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
⁸ Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
⁹ School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁰ Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
¹¹ Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
¹² Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research - QIMR, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
¹³ University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ Australian National University, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
¹⁵ School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, UK.
¹⁶ Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
¹⁷ Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁸ Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁹ State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

PMID: 32217560
PMCID: PMC7170556
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033440

Abstract

Introduction: Eye diseases and visual impairment more commonly affect elderly adults, thus, the majority of ophthalmic cohort studies have focused on older adults. Cohort studies on the ocular health of younger adults, on the other hand, have been few. The Raine Study is a longitudinal study that has been following a cohort since their birth in 1989-1991. As part of the 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study, participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. As part of the 27- and 28-year follow-ups, eye assessments are being conducted and the data collected will be compared with those of the 20-year follow-up. This will provide an estimate of population incidence and updated prevalence of ocular conditions such as myopia and keratoconus, as well as longitudinal change in ocular parameters in young Australian adults. Additionally, the data will allow exploration of the environmental, health and genetic factors underlying inter-subject differential long-term ocular changes.

Methods and analysis: Participants are being contacted via telephone, email and/or social media and invited to participate in the eye examination. At the 27-year follow-up, participants completed a follow-up eye screening, which assessed visual acuity, autorefraction, ocular biometry and ocular sun exposure. Currently, at the 28-year follow-up, a comprehensive eye examination is being conducted which, in addition to all the eye tests performed at the 27-year follow-up visit, includes tonometry, optical coherence tomography, funduscopy and anterior segment topography, among others. Outcome measures include the incidence of refractive error and pterygium, an updated prevalence of these conditions, and the 8-year change in ocular parameters.

Ethics and dissemination: The Raine Study is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. The Gen2 20-year, 27-year and 28-year follow-ups are approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia. Findings resulting from the study will be published in health or medical journals and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number: ACTRN12617001599369; Active, not recruiting.

Keywords: Raine Study; cohort study; myopia; ocular measures; young adults.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Overview of booking and assessment procedure for the follow-ups.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Mathews PM, Rubin GS, McCloskey M, et al. . Severity of vision loss interacts with word-specific features to impact out-loud reading in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:1537–45. 10.1167/iovs.15-15462 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Ramulu PY, Swenor BK, Jefferys JL, et al. . Difficulty with out-loud and silent reading in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:666–72. 10.1167/iovs.12-10618 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Varadaraj V, Lesche S, Ramulu PY, et al. . Reading speed and reading comprehension in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2018;186:138–43. 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.11.026 - DOI - PubMed
1. Weih L, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Functional implications of vision impairment. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2000;28:153–5. 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2000.00303.x - DOI - PubMed
1. Owsley C, McGwin G. Vision and driving. Vision Res 2010;50:2348–61. 10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.021 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Associated data

ANZCTR/ACTRN12617001599369

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- MedlinePlus Consumer Health Information
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Research Materials
- NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study

Affiliations

Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Research Materials