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. 2014;23(1):81-93.
doi: 10.1108/DPM-05-2012-0060.

Why pandemic response is unique: powerful experts and hands-off political leaders

Erik Baekkeskov  1 , Olivier Rubin  1
Affiliations

Why pandemic response is unique: powerful experts and hands-off political leaders

Erik Baekkeskov et al. Disaster Prev Manag. 2014.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show that 2009 H1N1 "swine" influenza pandemic vaccination policies deviated from predictions established in the theory of political survival, and to propose that pandemic response deviated because it was ruled by bureaucratized experts rather than by elected politicians.

Design/methodology/approach: Focussing on the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the paper employs descriptive statistical analysis of vaccination policies in nine western democracies. To probe the plausibility of the novel explanation, it uses quantitative and qualitative content analyses of media attention and coverage in two deviant cases, the USA and Denmark.

Findings: Theories linking political survival to disaster responses find little empirical support in the substantial cross-country variations of vaccination responses during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Rather than following a political logic, the case studies of media coverage in the USA and Denmark demonstrate that the response was bureaucratized in the public health agencies (CDC and DMHA, respectively). Hence, while natural disaster responses appear to follow a political logic, the response to pandemics appears to be more strongly instituted in the hands of bureaucratic experts.

Research limitations/implications: There is an added value of encompassing bureaucratic dynamics in political theories of disaster response; bureaucratized expertise proved to constitute a strong plausible explanation of the 2009 pandemic vaccination response.

Practical implications: Pandemic preparedness and response depends critically on understanding the lessons of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic; a key lesson supported by this paper is that expert-based agencies rather than political leaders are the pivotal actors.

Originality/value: This paper is the first to pinpoint the limitations of political survival theories of disaster responses with respect to the 2009 pandemic. Further, it is among the few to analyze the causes of variations in cross-country pandemic vaccination policies during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

Keywords: Aftercare; Disasters; Emergency response; Manmade disaster.

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Figures

Table I
Table I
Cross-country table of 2009 vaccination responses, election proximity and electoral competition
Table II
Table II
Keyword searches of pandemic media coverage in Denmark and USA (May 1-July 31 2009)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Achen, C. and Bartels, L. (2004), “Blind retrospection: electoral responses to drought, flu, and shark attacks”, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA, available at: www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/PERG.Achen.pdf (accessed May 30, 2012).
    1. Agence France Presse (2010), “France joins Europe flu vaccine sell-off”, January 3, Accessed through Lexis-Nexis Academic, February 13, 2011.
    1. Baldwin, P. (2005), Disease and Democracy: The Industrialized World Faces AIDS, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA.
    1. BBC (2010), “France sells off surplus swine flu vaccine”, January 3, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8438663.stm (accessed May 30, 2012).
    1. Bechtel, M. and Hainmueller, J. (2011), “How lasting is voter gratitude? An analysis of the short- and long-term electoral returns to beneficial policy”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 55 No. 4, pp. 851-867.

Further reading

    1. Public Health Agency of Canada (2010), “Lessons learned review: public health agency of Canada and health Canada response to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic”, November, available at: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/about_apropos/evaluation/reports-rapports/2010-2011/... (accessed May 30, 2012).

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