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. 2020 Mar 12;5(11):6051-6061.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04462. eCollection 2020 Mar 24.

Effect of Functionalized Carbon Microspheres Combined with Ammonium Polyphosphate on Fire Safety Performance of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Xilei Chen  1 , Yongxing Lai  1 , Yuanxiang Gu  1 , Chuanmei Jiao  1 , Shaoxiang Li  1
Affiliations

Effect of Functionalized Carbon Microspheres Combined with Ammonium Polyphosphate on Fire Safety Performance of Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Xilei Chen et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

In this article, carbon microspheres (CMSs) synthesized by the hydrothermal method and CMSs-Fe (with Fe3+ adsorbed on the surface of CMSs) were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to achieve the fire safety improvement of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The fire safety performance of TPU composites was investigated by the cone calorimeter test, microscale combustion calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CMSs and CMSs-Fe can improve the fire safety performance of TPU/APP composites and the effect of CMSs-Fe was better than that of CMSs. The peak heat release rate of the sample containing 0.25 wt % CMSs and 7.75 wt % APP was 16.7% lower than that of the sample containing 8.00 wt % APP, and the content of toxic gases was also reduced in the fire smoke. Also, total heat release and total smoke release of the sample containing CMSs-Fe were 54.7% and 11.6%, respectively, lower than those of the sample containing 0.25% CMSs. It confirmed the contribution of CMSs to the flame retardant system, and the performance of CMSs is improved by adsorbing Fe3+.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM image of CMSs: (A) magnification 10,000 times and (B) magnification 50,000 times; SEM image of CMSs-Fe: (C) magnification 10,000 times and (D) magnification 50,000 times; (E) EDS of CMSs-Fe.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XPS spectra of CMSs: (A1) survey spectra, (A2) C1s spectrum, and (A3) O1s spectrum and CMSs-Fe: (B1) survey spectra, (B2) C1s spectrum, (B3) O1s spectrum, and (B4) Fe2p spectrum.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) SPR and (B) TSR curves of TPU composites from CCT.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) HRR and (B) THR curves of TPU composites from CCT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) CO and (B) CO2 release curve of TPU composites from CCT.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mass change curve of TPU composites from CCT.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) HRR curve of TPU composites from MCC, (B) TG curve, and (C) DTG curves of TPU, TPU-APP, CMSs0.25, and CMSs-Fe0.25.
Figure 8
Figure 8
TG-IR spectra of (A) TPU, (B) TPU-APP, (C) CMSs0.25, and (D) CMSs-Fe0.25.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Photographs and SEM image (above: magnification 1000 times, blew: magnification 5000 times) of the char residue after CCT: (A) TPU, (B) TPU-APP, (C) CMSs0.25, and (D) CMSs-Fe0.25.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Illustration of the Flame Retardant Mechanism for the Effect of CMSs-Fe on TPU
Figure 10
Figure 10
Raman spectra of the char residue after CCT: (A) TPU, (B) CMSs0.25, and (C) CMSs-Fe0.25.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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