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. 2020 Aug 27;65(4):405-415.
doi: 10.1515/bmt-2019-0167.

Properties of different types of dry electrodes for wearable smart monitoring devices

Lana Popović-Maneski  1 , Marija D Ivanović  2 , Vladimir Atanasoski  3 , Marjan Miletić  2 , Sanja Zdolšek  2 , Boško Bojović  2 , Ljupčo Hadžievski  2
Affiliations

Properties of different types of dry electrodes for wearable smart monitoring devices

Lana Popović-Maneski et al. Biomed Tech (Berl). .

Abstract

Wearable smart monitors (WSMs) applied for the estimation of electrophysiological signals are of utmost interest for a non-stressed life. WSM which records heart muscle activities could signalize timely a life-threatening event. The heart muscle activities are typically recorded across the heart at the surface of the body; hence, a WSM monitor requires high-quality surface electrodes. The electrodes used in the clinical settings [i.e. silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) with the gel] are not practical for the daily out of clinic usage. A practical WSM requires the application of a dry electrode with stable and reproducible electrical characteristics. We compared the characteristics of six types of dry electrodes and one gelled electrode during short-term recordings sessions (≈30 s) in real-life conditions: Orbital, monolithic polymer plated with Ag/AgCl, and five rectangular shaped 10 × 6 × 2 mm electrodes (Orbital, Ag electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode, gold electrode and stainless-steel AISI304). The results of a well-controlled analysis which considered motion artifacts, line noise and junction potentials suggest that among the dry electrodes Ag/AgCl performs the best. The Ag/AgCl electrode is in average three times better compared with the stainless-steel electrode often used in WSMs.

Keywords: ECG; dry electrodes; motion artifacts; signal quality; transient impedance; wearable monitor.

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