Association between nutritional status and early childhood caries risk profile in a suburban Nigeria community

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is associated with oral health problems.

Aim: To determine the association between malnutrition (undernourished and over-nourished) and early childhood caries (ECC) in a suburban population in Nigeria.

Design: Data were extracted from a database of a household survey of 1549 under 6-year-old children. Explanatory variables were nutritional status (normal, undernourished [wasted, stunted and underweight], or over-nourished). The outcome measure was the prevalence of ECC. Children's sociodemographic characteristics (socio-economic status, sex, age) and caries-risk variables (frequency of sugar consumption in-between-meals, oral hygiene status) were the confounders. Association between ECC and malnutrition was determined using the Poisson regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05.

Results: About one-third (31.4%) of children had expected height/weight for age; 848 (54.7%) were undernourished; and 215 (13.9%) were over-nourished. Nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Children who consumed sugar in-between-meals three or more times a day were twice as likely to have ECC as were those who consumed sugar less often in-between-meals (APR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30-3.81; P = .003). Children 3-5 years old were more likely to have ECC than were those 0-2 years old (APR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10-5.22; P = .03).

Conclusions: ECC was not associated with undernourished and over-nourished in a suburban population in Nigeria.

Keywords: Nigeria; early childhood caries; malnutrition; over-nourished; undernourished.