Unique recognition of a low molecular weight Onchocerca volvulus antigen by IgG3 antibodies in chronic hyper-reactive oncho-dermatitis (Sowda)

Abstract

Individual human Ig class responses to Onchocerca volvulus antigens have been evaluated by Western blotting using sera from cases of generalized onchocerciasis and chronic hyper-reactive onchocerciasis (Sowda). in all cases except IgG3 the patterns of recognition by human antibody classes were similar in Sowda and generalized onchocerciasis. Weak or undetectable responses were seen with IgG1, IgG2 and IgM. The total profiles of antigens recognized by the other Ig classes were different, although in some cases certain bands were commonly identified. The result with IgG3, however, was striking. Here, two major antigens (9 kD and 72kD) were recognized by IgG3 antibodies in Sowda sera but not generalized onchocerciasis sera. Furthermore, these two antigens were not recognised by any other Ig class, either in generalized or Sowda onchocerciasis, nor were they detected by antibodies of any class present in a collection of sera representative of other nematode infections. This difference in the IgG3 response was so pronounced that Sowda sera could be distinguished from generalized onchocerciasis sera by an IgG3-specific ELISA assay with a PBS parasite extract as the antigen. Thus, a correlation has been established between one particular clinical condition of onchocerciasis (Sowda) and a serological response, defined in terms of both the parasite antigens and an immunoglobulin class restricted antibody response.