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. 2020 Jun 16;222(1):9-16.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa161.

Coronavirus Occurrence and Transmission Over 8 Years in the HIVE Cohort of Households in Michigan

Arnold S Monto  1 , Peter M DeJonge  1 , Amy P Callear  1 , Latifa A Bazzi  1 , Skylar B Capriola  1 , Ryan E Malosh  1 , Emily T Martin  1 , Joshua G Petrie  1
Affiliations

Coronavirus Occurrence and Transmission Over 8 Years in the HIVE Cohort of Households in Michigan

Arnold S Monto et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults from 2010 to 2018.

Methods: Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63.

Results: In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified during the 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children <5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range, 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type.

Conclusions: Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population.

Keywords: coronaviruses; epidemiology; respiratory illness; seasonality; transmission.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Counts of human coronavirus (HCoV) infections over 8 study years by type and month of illness onset: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation Study 2010–2018.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Incidence per 100 person-years of human coronavirus (HCoV) infections by type over 8 study years: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation Study 2010–2018. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Incidence per 100 person-years of human coronavirus (HCoV) infections by type and age group over 8 study years: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation Study 2010–2018. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
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