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. 2020 Apr 2;9(4):438.
doi: 10.3390/plants9040438.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. extracts against Aspergillus flavus

Lucía S Di Ciaccio  1 , Alejandra V Catalano  2   3 , Paula G López  2   3 , Dante Rojas  4 , Diego Cristos  4 , Renée H Fortunato  2   5   6 , Adriana E Salvat  1
Affiliations

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. extracts against Aspergillus flavus

Lucía S Di Ciaccio et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous, saprophytic fungus, whose colonization occurs mainly in cereal grains and oilseeds once harvested. Under certain conditions, it could produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins, known as powerful human liver carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to describe the antifungal activity of extracts of Peltophorum dubium, a species from northern Argentina (Oriental Chaco), against A. flavus. The antifungal activities of different collection sites are reported. The extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 µg/mL, and the differences between the treatments and the inoculum control were 11 mm of P. dubium A and 10 mm of P. dubium F in colony growth. Moreover, hyphae treated with the extracts stained blue with Evans blue showed alterations in the membrane and/or cell wall, allowing the dye income. Bio-guided fractionation, High Performance Liquid Chromatography diode array ultraviolet/visible (HPLC UV/VIS DAD), and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC ESI-MS) analyses were conducted to characterize the extracts and their active fractions. The HPLC UV/VIS DAD analysis allowed the determination of the presence of flavonoids (flavonols and flavones), coumarins, terpenes, and steroids. UPLC ESI/MS analysis of active fractions revealed the presence of Kaempferol, Apigenin, Naringenin, Chrysin and Daidzein.

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus; active extract characterization; evans blue; flavonoids; plant bioactivity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Contact bioautography: Extracts A and F of P. dubium against A. flavus. From left to right: (A), thin layer chromatography (TLC) of P. dubium leaf extract (visible light); UV at 366 nm and contact bioautography. (F) TLC of P. dubium leaf extract (visible light); UV at 366 nm and contact bioautography.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Staining with Evans blue: Hyphae of A. flavus exposed to extracts A and F of P. dubium. (A) Control. (B) Ke. (C) P. dubium leaves extract (A). (D) P. dubium leaves extract (F). (E) DMSO: MeOH (9:1).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hyphal radial growth test. The obtained data in this test was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-test. The analysis was expressed as the mean (x) ± SD. Data are shown as the average values of fungal growth rate for each treatment. Different letters (a, b, c, d, e) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments. (Control: blue, P. dubium A: red, P. dubium F: green, Ke: yellow, DMSO:MeOH: violet).
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