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. 2020 Apr 2:44:e17.
doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2020.17. eCollection 2020.

[Sociodemographic characteristics associated with the prevalence of tobacco use in Costa RicaCaracterísticas sociodemográficas associadas à prevalência do consumo de tabaco na Costa Rica]

[Article in Spanish]
Azálea Espinoza Aguirre  1 , Romain Fantin  2 , Cristina Barboza Solis  3 , Abraham Salinas Miranda  4
Affiliations

[Sociodemographic characteristics associated with the prevalence of tobacco use in Costa RicaCaracterísticas sociodemográficas associadas à prevalência do consumo de tabaco na Costa Rica]

[Article in Spanish]
Azálea Espinoza Aguirre et al. Rev Panam Salud Publica. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish, Portuguese

Objective: To determine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the current prevalence of tobacco use in Costa Rica, based on the results of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS).

Methods: Cross-sectional observational epidemiological study, country-wide (n = 8607), that used the sociodemographic variables included in GATS 2015. A logistic regression model was designed to predict the impact of those variables on current tobacco use. The dependent variable is current tobacco use, considering the social determinants available in the survey: sex, educational level, area of residence, age, and household composition.

Results: The logistic regression model shows that being female (OR = 0.29; P < 0.01), being 65 years old and over (OR = 0.61; P = 0.02), living in a rural area (OR = 0.63; P < 0.01), and living with other people (OR = 0.68; P < 0.01), in particular with children 15 years old or under (OR = 0.55; P < 0.01), are protective factors against tobacco use. Tobacco use declines significantly with increased wealth, as measured by household items, in women but not in men. Completing secondary education is a protective factor in people 15-34 years old (OR = 0.47; P < 0.01) but not in people 35 and over .

Conclusions: There is an association between the sociodemographic variables found in the GATS Costa Rica survey carried out in 2015 and current tobacco use. Interventions at the family and community levels could help consumers give up smoking.

Objetivo.: Determinar las asociaciones existentes entre las características sociodemográficas y la prevalencia del consumo actual de tabaco en Costa Rica, según los resultados de la Encuesta Global de Tabaquismo en Adultos (GATS).

Métodos.: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional de tipo transversal con representación nacional (n = 8607), que utilizó las variables sociodemográficas incluidas en la GATS realizada durante 2015. Se diseñó un modelo de regresión logística para predecir la influencia de esas variables en el consumo actual de tabaco. La variable dependiente es el consumo actual de tabaco considerando los determinantes sociales disponibles en la encuesta: género, nivel educativo, zona de residencia, edad y la composición del hogar.

Resultados.: El modelo de regresión logística demuestra que ser mujer (OR = 0,29; P < 0,01), tener 65 años y más (OR = 0,61; P = 0,02), vivir en zona rural (OR = 0,63; P < 0,01) y vivir con otras personas (OR = 0,68; P < 0,01), en particular con niños de 15 años o menos (OR = 0,55; P < 0,01), son factores protectores del consumo de tabaco. El consumo de tabaco disminuye de forma significativa con el aumento de la riqueza medida por los artefactos en la casa en las mujeres, pero no en los hombres. Completar la educación secundaria es un factor protector en las personas de 15-34 años (OR = 0,47; P < 0,01), aunque no en las personas de 35 años y más.

Conclusiones.: Existe una asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas disponibles en la encuesta GATS Costa Rica realizada en el 2015 y el consumo actual de tabaco. Intervenciones a nivel familiar y comunal podrían contribuir a que los consumidores abandonen el tabaquismo.

Objetivo: Determinar as associações existentes entre as características sociodemográficas e a prevalência do consumo presente de tabaco na Costa Rica, segundo os resultados da Pesquisa Global sobre Tabagismo em Adultos (Global Adult Tobacco Survey - GATS).

Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal com representatividade nacional (n = 8.607) com o uso das variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas na GATS realizada em 2015. Usou-se um modelo de regressão logística para predizer a influência das variáveis estudadas no consumo presente de tabaco. A variável dependente foi o consumo presente de tabaco levando em consideração os determinantes sociais disponíveis na pesquisa: gênero, nível de escolaridade, área de residência, idade e composição do domicílio.

Resultados: Observou-se, no modelo de regressão logística, que ser do sexo feminino (OR 0,29; P < 0,01), ter 65 anos ou mais (OR 0,61; P = 0,02), residir na zona rural (OR 0,63; P < 0,01) e viver em um domicílio com outras pessoas (OR 0,68; P < 0,01), sobretudo com crianças menores de 15 anos (OR 0,55; P < 0,01), são fatores de proteção contra o consumo de tabaco. O consumo de tabaco diminui de forma significativa com o aumento da renda (medida de acordo com o número de serviços e utilidades domésticas) apenas entre as mulheres. Ter o ensino médio completo é um fator de proteção na faixa etária entre 15 e 34 anos (OR 0,47; P < 0,01), mas não entre as pessoas acima de 35 anos.

Conclusões: Existe uma associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas na GATS de 2015 e o consumo presente de tabaco na Costa Rica. Intervenções realizadas ao nível da família e da comunidade poderiam contribuir para a cessação do tabagismo.

Keywords: Costa Rica; Tobacco use; epidemiologic factors; regression analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicto de intereses. Ninguno declarado por los autores.

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