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. 2020 Feb 24;6(4):FSO464.
doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0122.

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

Raja Ram Gurung  1   2 , Prashanna Maharjan  2   3 , Ganga Gharti Chhetri  1
Affiliations

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

Raja Ram Gurung et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

Aim: The extent of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in Nepalese children is largely unknown.

Materials & methods: Six hundred and seventy-two clinical samples collected from 232 patients between June and November 2016 were processed in a microbiology laboratory.

Results: Out of 300 culture-positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates. Among those 52, 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The infection rate of S. aureus was shown to be higher in inpatients (55.7%) compared with outpatients (44.3%) at p = 0.637, 95% CI. Thirteen types of antibiotics were used in the antibiotic susceptibility test. MRSA isolates showed 100 and 0% resistance to penicillin and vancomycin, respectively. The D-test showed inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotype in 15.4% of MRSA isolates.

Conclusion: This demonstrates the utmost need for routine testing for MRSA in Nepalese hospitals.

Keywords: Nepal; antibiotic resistance; inducible clindamycin-resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test; macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Photograph of tube coagulase test results (A) -ve and (B) +ve.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Photograph of Staphylococcus aureus in blood agar media.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Photograph of Staphylococcus aureus in mannitol salt agar media.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Photograph of Staphylococcus aureus in Mueller Hinton agar media showing methicillin resistance character against cefoxitin disc.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Photograph of antibiotic susceptibility test of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Mueller Hinton agar medium against various antibiotics.
(A) Co-trimazaxole, (B) Chloramphenicol, (C) Cloxacillin, (D) Cefotaxime, (E) Cefixime, (F) Ciprofloxacin, (G) Cefoxitin and (H) Ofloxacin.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Inducible clindamycin resistant (D-test) positive showing MRSA in MHA media.
CD: Clindamycin; E: Erythromycin; MHA: Muller hinton agar; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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