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Review
. 2020 Mar 9;11(2):327-340.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2019.0516. eCollection 2020 Apr.

A Review of Exercise as Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathology and Mechanism

Piotr Gronek  1 , Dariusz Wielinski  2 , Piotr Cyganski  3 , Andrzej Rynkiewicz  3 , Adam Zając  4 , Adam Maszczyk  5 , Joanna Gronek  1 , Robert Podstawski  6 , Wojciech Czarny  7 , Stefan Balko  8 , Cain Ct Clark  9 , Roman Celka  1
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Exercise as Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathology and Mechanism

Piotr Gronek et al. Aging Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity and resultant lower energy expenditure contribute unequivocally to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, which are considered major causes of disability and mortality worldwide.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical activity (PA) and exercise on different aspects of health - genetics, endothelium function, blood pressure, lipid concentrations, glucose intolerance, thrombosis, and self - satisfaction. Materials and.

Methods: In this article, we conducted a narrative review of the influence PA and exercise have on the cardiovascular system, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, searching the online databases; Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and, subsequently, discuss possible mechanisms of this action.

Results and discussion: Based on our narrative review of literature, discussed the effects of PA on telomere length, nitric oxide synthesis, thrombosis risk, blood pressure, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and indicated possible mechanisms by which physical training may lead to improvement in chronic cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion: PA is effective for the improvement of exercise tolerance, lipid concentrations, blood pressure, it may also reduce the serum glucose level and risk of thrombosis, thus should be advocated concomitant to, or in some cases instead of, traditional drug-therapy.

Keywords: aging; cardiovascular disease; longevity; physical activity; public health problem.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Summary of main pathways effect of aerobic exercise.
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