Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Mar 18:8:129.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00129. eCollection 2020.

Green and Facile Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Cu-BTC-Supported Sn (II)-Substituted Keggin Heteropoly Composites as an Esterification Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Qiuyun Zhang  1   2 , Dan Ling  1 , Dandan Lei  1 , Jialu Wang  3 , Xiaofang Liu  4 , Yutao Zhang  2   3 , Peihua Ma  5
Affiliations

Green and Facile Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework Cu-BTC-Supported Sn (II)-Substituted Keggin Heteropoly Composites as an Esterification Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Qiuyun Zhang et al. Front Chem. .

Erratum in

Abstract

In the present study, metal-organic framework Cu-BTC-supported Sn (II)-substituted Keggin heteropoly nanocomposite (Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC) was successfully prepared by a simple impregnation method and applied as a novel nanocatalyst for producing biodiesel from oleic acid (OA) through esterification. The nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetrics (TG), and NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). Accordingly, the synthesized nanocatalyst with a Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC weight ratio of 1 exhibited a relatively large specific surface area, appropriate pore size, and high acidity. Moreover, an OA conversion of 87.7% was achieved under optimum reaction conditions. The nanocatalyst was reused seven times, and the OA conversion remained at more than 80% after three uses. Kinetic study showed that the esterification reaction followed first-order kinetics, and the activation energy (E a ) was calculated to be 38.3 kJ/mol.

Keywords: Cu-BTC; biodiesel; esterification; heteropolys; nanocomposites.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Wide-angle XRD patterns of the Sn1.5PW, Cu-BTC, and Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-x hybrids.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR spectra of the Cu-BTC and Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-x hybrids.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of (a) pure HPW, (b) Sn1.5PW, (c) Cu-BTC, (d) Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-0.5, (e) Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1, and (f) Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1.5.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a–c) Typical TEM images of the Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 hybrids.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm plots and (B) pore size distributions of Cu-BTC and Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
TG curves of Sn1.5PW, Cu-BTC, and Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 samples.
Figure 7
Figure 7
NH3-TPD patterns of Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 nanocomposite.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of various nanocatalysts for esterification of OA.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of reaction time and temperature. Reaction conditions: OA/methanol molar ratio 1:20, catalyst amount 0.2 g.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(A) Effect of the molar ratio of OA to methanol (reaction conditions: temperature 160°C, catalyst amount 0.2 g) and (B) catalyst amount (reaction conditions: temperature 160°C, OA/methanol molar ratio 1:20).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Plot of -ln (1-η) vs. reaction time at different temperatures (A). Arrhenius plot of ln k vs. 1/T (B).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Reusability of the nanocatalyst Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 for seven cycles under optimum esterification conditions: temperature 160°C, catalyst amount 0.2 g, reaction time 4 h, and OA-methanol molar ratio 1:20.
Figure 13
Figure 13
(A) XRD patterns of the Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 nanocatalyst and the nanocatalyst after seven cycles. (B) FT-IR spectra of the Sn1.5PW/Cu-BTC-1 nanocatalyst and the nanocatalyst after seven cycles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Al-Saadi L. S., Eze V. C., Harvey A. P. (2018). Experimental determination of optimal conditions for reactive coupling of biodiesel production with in situ glycerol carbonate formation in a triglyceride transesterification process. Front. Chem. 6:625. 10.3389/fchem.2018.00625 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Azmoon A. H., Ahmadpour A., Nayebzadeh H., Saghatoleslami N., Heydari A. (2019). Fabrication of nanosized SO42-/Co-Al mixed oxide via solution combustion method used in esterification reaction: effect of urea-nitrate ratio on the properties and performance. J. Nanostruct. Chem. 9, 247–258. 10.1007/s40097-019-00315-y - DOI
    1. Bhanja P., Bhaumik A. (2016). Porous nanomaterials as green catalyst for the conversion of biomass to bioenergy. Fuel 185, 432–441. 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.004 - DOI
    1. Cai J., Yang T. T., Yue C. Y., Pu Q. L., Wang R. Y., Zhang Q. Y. (2019). Preparation of silver-exchanged heteropolyacid catalyst and its application for biodiesel production. Energ. Source. Part A 1–11. 10.1080/15567036.2019.1623945 - DOI
    1. da Conceiçao L. R. V., Carneiro L. M., Giordani D. S., de Castro H. F. (2017). Synthesis of biodiesel from macaw palm oil using mesoporous solid catalyst comprising 12-molybdophosphoric acid and niobia. Renew. Energ. 113, 119–128. 10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.080 - DOI