Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds embedded with europium hydroxide nanorods (EHNs) with enhanced vascularization and cell proliferation for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) tissue engineering scaffolds have been developed and used for a wide range of tissue engineering applications, where successful incorporation and conservation of the therapeutic activity of the embedded nanoparticles into scaffolds is critically needed for effective tissue engineering. Incorporation of pro-angiogenic nanomaterials to promote vascularization is a novel approach. Our group has well-demonstrated the potent pro-angiogenic properties of europium hydroxide nanorods (EHNs) using in vitro and in vivo systems. In the present study, electrospun PCL tissue engineering scaffolds containing EHNs were fabricated and characterized for various morphological and physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, biological studies showed enhanced cell growth and a greater density of endothelial cells grown on the scaffolds incorporated with EHNs (PCL-EHNs). The PCL-EHNs also exhibited good hemo-compatibility towards blood cells. Fluorescence microscopy and SEM observations showed good endothelial cell adhesion over these scaffolds. The PCL-EHNs demonstrated augmented growth of blood vessels in an in vivo chick embryo angiogenesis model. Furthermore, protein expression studies illustrated promoted angiogenesis of HUVECs on scaffolds in a VEGFR2/Akt mediated signaling cascade. Together, the above observations strongly suggest potent applications of EHN-incorporated PCL scaffolds in promoting angiogenesis/vascularization and their effective use in tissue engineering and vascular disease therapy.