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. 2020 Jul;29(6):524-528.
doi: 10.1111/jopr.13175. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM, and Conventional Denture Base Materials

Vladimir Prpić  1 , Zdravko Schauperl  2 , Amir Ćatić  3 , Nikša Dulčić  4 , Samir Čimić  5
Affiliations

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM, and Conventional Denture Base Materials

Vladimir Prpić et al. J Prosthodont. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties (flexural strength and surface hardness) of different materials and technologies for denture base fabrication. The study emphasized the digital technologies of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Materials and methods: A total of 160 rectangular specimens were fabricated from three conventional heat-polymerized (ProBase Hot, Paladon 65, and Interacryl Hot), three CAD/CAM produced (IvoBase CAD, Interdent CC disc PMMA, and Polident CAD/CAM disc), one 3D-printed (NextDent Base), and one polyamide material (Vertex ThermoSens) for denture base fabrication. The flexural strength test was the three-point flexure test, while hardness testing was conducted using the Brinell method. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (α = 0.05).

Results: During flexural testing, the IvoBase CAD and Vertex ThermoSens specimens did not fracture during loading. The flexural strength values of the other groups ranged from 71.7 ± 7.4 MPa to 111.9 ± 4.3 MPa. The surface hardness values ranged from 67.13 ± 10.64 MPa to 145.66 ± 2.22 MPa. There were significant differences between the tested materials for both flexural strength and surface hardness. There were also differences between some materials with the same polymerization type. CAD/CAM and polyamide materials had the highest flexural strength values. Two groups of CAD/CAM materials had the highest surface hardness values, while a third, along with the polyamide material, had the lowest. The 3D-printed materials had the lowest flexural strength values.

Conclusions: Generally, CAD/CAM materials show better mechanical properties than heat-polymerized and 3D-printed acrylics do. Nevertheless, a material's polymerization type is no guarantee of its optimal mechanical properties.

Keywords: Acrylic resin; denture base; flexural strength; surface hardness.

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