. 2020 Jun;48(6):e514-e522.

doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004345.

Predicting Mortality in Children With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study

Nadir Yehya¹, Michael O Harhay^{2

3}, Margaret J Klein⁴, Steven L Shein⁵, Byron E Piñeres-Olave⁶, Ledys Izquierdo⁷, Anil Sapru⁸, Guillaume Emeriaud⁹, Philip C Spinella¹⁰, Heidi R Flori¹¹, Mary K Dahmer¹¹, Aline B Maddux¹², Yolanda M Lopez-Fernandez¹³, Bereketeab Haileselassie¹⁴, Deyin Doreen Hsing¹⁵, Ranjit S Chima¹⁶, Amanda B Hassinger¹⁷, Stacey L Valentine¹⁸, Courtney M Rowan¹⁹, Martin C J Kneyber²⁰, Lincoln S Smith²¹, Robinder G Khemani⁴, Neal J Thomas²²; Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology (PARDIE) V1 Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology (PARDIE) V1 Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network:
Ira Cheifetz, Ann Thompson, Scott Watson, Karina Cinquegrani, Maria Jose Montes, Patricia Capocasa, Marcela Ferreyra, Rossana Poterala, Pablo Castellani, Martin Giampieri, Claudia Pedraza, Luis Martin Landry, Maria Althabe, Yanina Vanesa Fortini, Analia Fernandez, Antonio Avila Vera, Nilda Agueda Vidal, Deheza Rosemary, Gonzalo Turon, Cecilia Monjes, Segundo Fernando Espanol, Alejandro Siaba Serrate, Thomas Iolster, Silvio F Torres, Fernando Paziencia, Simon Erickson, Samantha Barr, Sara Shea, Warwick Butt, Carmel Delzoppo, Alyssa Pintimalla, Alejandro Fabio Martinez Leon, Gustavo Alfredo Guzman Rivera, Philippe Jouvet, Guillaume Emeriaud, Mariana Dumitrascu, Mary Ellen French, Daniel Caro, Pablo Cruces Romero, Tania Medina, Carlos Acuna, Franco Diaz, Maria Jose Nunez, Yang Chen, Rosalba Pardo Carrero, Pablo Vasquez Hoyos, Yurika Paola Lopez Alarcon, Liliana Mazzillo Vega, Ledys Maria Izquierdo, Byron Enrique Piñeres Olave, Pierre Bourgoin, Matthieu Maria, Florent Baudin, George Briassoulis, Stavroula Ilia, Matteo Di Nardo, Anna Camporesi, Fabrizio Chiusolo, Nobuaki Shime, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Yoshiko Kida, Michihito Kyo, Swee Fong Tang, Chian Wern Tai, Lucy Chai See Lum, Ismail Elghuwael, Nestor Javier Jimenez Rivera, Alberto E Jarillo Quijada, Daniel Vasquez Miranda, Grimaldo Ramirez Cortez, Carlos Gil Escobar, Marta Sousa Moniz, Cristina Camilo, Tarek Hazwani, Nedaa Aldairi, Ahmed Al Amoudi, Ahmad Alahmadti, Yolanda Lopez Fernandez, Juan Ramon Valle, Lidia Martinez, Javier Pilar Orive, Jose Manuel Gonzalez Gomez, Antonio Morales Martinez, Vicent Modesto I Alapont, Maria Garcia Gonzalez, David Arjona Villanueva, Paula Garcia Casas, Marti Pons Odena, Alberto Medina, Susana Reyes Dominguez, Oguz Dursun, Ebru Atike Ongun, Fulya Kamit Can, Ayse Berna Anil, Jon Lillie, Shane Tibby, Paul Wellman, Holly Belfield, Joe Brierley, Troy E Dominguez, Eugenia Abaleke, Yael Feinstein, Santosh Sundararajan, Siva Oruganti, Catarina Silvestre, James Weitz, Peter-Marc Fortune, Gayathri Subramanian, Claire Jennings, David Inwald, Calandra Feather, Rachel Agbeko, Angela Lawton-Woodhall, Karen McIntyre, Kim Sykes, Jon Pappachan, Helen Gale, Christie Mellish, Jenni McCorkell, Ryan Nofziger, Samir Latifi, Heather Anthony, Ron Sanders, Glenda Hefley, Manpreet Virk, Nancy Jaimon, Sidharth Mahapatra, Edward Truemper, Lucinda Kustka, Sholeen T Nett, Marcy Singleton, J Dean Jarvis, Aline B Maddux, Peter M Mourani, Kimberly Ralston, Yamila Sierra, Robinder Khemani, Christopher Newth, Anoopindar Bhalla, Jeni Kwok, Rica Morzov, Nadir Yehya, Natalie Napolitano, Marie Murphy, Laurie Ronan, Ryan Morgan, Sherri Kubis, Elizabeth Broden, Rainer Gedeit, Kathy Murkowski, Katherine Woods, Mary Kasch, Yong Y Han, Jeremy T Affolter, Kelly S Tieves, Amber Hughes-Schalk, Ranjit S Chima, Kelli Krallmana, Erin Stoneman, Laura Benken, Toni Yunger, James Schneider, Todd Sweberg, Aaron Kessel, Christopher Carroll, James Santanelli, Kate G Ackerman, Melissa Cullimore, Courtney Rowan, Melissa Bales, W Keith Dockery, Shirin Jafari-Namin, Dana Barry, Keary Jane't, Omar Alibrahim, Nikhil Patankar, Haiping Qiao, Shira Gertz, Fernando Beltramo, Balagangadhar Totapally, Beatriz Govantes, Bria Coates, Lawren Wellisch, Kiona Allen, Avani Shukla, Neal J Thomas, Debbie Spear, Steven L Shein, Shira Gertz, Margaret M Parker, Daniel Sloniewsky, Christine Allen, Amy Harrell, Natalie Cvijanovich, Katri Typpo, Connor Kelley, Caroline King, Anil Sapru, Anna Ratiu, Neda Ashtari, Lindsay Sikora, Asumthia S Jeyapalan, Alvaro Coronado-Munoz, Heidi Flori, Mary K Dahmer, Chaandini Jayachandran, Janet Hume, Dan Nerheim, Michael Spaeder, Michelle Adu-Darko, Lincoln Smith, Silvia Hartmann, Erin Sullivan, Courtney Merritt, Awni Al-Subu, Andrea Blom, John C Lin, Philip Spinella, Deyin D Hsing, Steve Pon, Jim Brian Estil, Richa Gautam, John S Giuliano Jr, Joana Tala

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
² Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
³ Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
⁶ Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
¹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Oishei Children's Hospital and University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Massachusetts Children's Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
²² Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Science, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA.

PMID: 32271186
PMCID: PMC7237024
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004345

Predicting Mortality in Children With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study

Nadir Yehya et al. Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun.

. 2020 Jun;48(6):e514-e522.

doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004345.

Authors

Collaborators

Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology (PARDIE) V1 Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network:
Ira Cheifetz, Ann Thompson, Scott Watson, Karina Cinquegrani, Maria Jose Montes, Patricia Capocasa, Marcela Ferreyra, Rossana Poterala, Pablo Castellani, Martin Giampieri, Claudia Pedraza, Luis Martin Landry, Maria Althabe, Yanina Vanesa Fortini, Analia Fernandez, Antonio Avila Vera, Nilda Agueda Vidal, Deheza Rosemary, Gonzalo Turon, Cecilia Monjes, Segundo Fernando Espanol, Alejandro Siaba Serrate, Thomas Iolster, Silvio F Torres, Fernando Paziencia, Simon Erickson, Samantha Barr, Sara Shea, Warwick Butt, Carmel Delzoppo, Alyssa Pintimalla, Alejandro Fabio Martinez Leon, Gustavo Alfredo Guzman Rivera, Philippe Jouvet, Guillaume Emeriaud, Mariana Dumitrascu, Mary Ellen French, Daniel Caro, Pablo Cruces Romero, Tania Medina, Carlos Acuna, Franco Diaz, Maria Jose Nunez, Yang Chen, Rosalba Pardo Carrero, Pablo Vasquez Hoyos, Yurika Paola Lopez Alarcon, Liliana Mazzillo Vega, Ledys Maria Izquierdo, Byron Enrique Piñeres Olave, Pierre Bourgoin, Matthieu Maria, Florent Baudin, George Briassoulis, Stavroula Ilia, Matteo Di Nardo, Anna Camporesi, Fabrizio Chiusolo, Nobuaki Shime, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Yoshiko Kida, Michihito Kyo, Swee Fong Tang, Chian Wern Tai, Lucy Chai See Lum, Ismail Elghuwael, Nestor Javier Jimenez Rivera, Alberto E Jarillo Quijada, Daniel Vasquez Miranda, Grimaldo Ramirez Cortez, Carlos Gil Escobar, Marta Sousa Moniz, Cristina Camilo, Tarek Hazwani, Nedaa Aldairi, Ahmed Al Amoudi, Ahmad Alahmadti, Yolanda Lopez Fernandez, Juan Ramon Valle, Lidia Martinez, Javier Pilar Orive, Jose Manuel Gonzalez Gomez, Antonio Morales Martinez, Vicent Modesto I Alapont, Maria Garcia Gonzalez, David Arjona Villanueva, Paula Garcia Casas, Marti Pons Odena, Alberto Medina, Susana Reyes Dominguez, Oguz Dursun, Ebru Atike Ongun, Fulya Kamit Can, Ayse Berna Anil, Jon Lillie, Shane Tibby, Paul Wellman, Holly Belfield, Joe Brierley, Troy E Dominguez, Eugenia Abaleke, Yael Feinstein, Santosh Sundararajan, Siva Oruganti, Catarina Silvestre, James Weitz, Peter-Marc Fortune, Gayathri Subramanian, Claire Jennings, David Inwald, Calandra Feather, Rachel Agbeko, Angela Lawton-Woodhall, Karen McIntyre, Kim Sykes, Jon Pappachan, Helen Gale, Christie Mellish, Jenni McCorkell, Ryan Nofziger, Samir Latifi, Heather Anthony, Ron Sanders, Glenda Hefley, Manpreet Virk, Nancy Jaimon, Sidharth Mahapatra, Edward Truemper, Lucinda Kustka, Sholeen T Nett, Marcy Singleton, J Dean Jarvis, Aline B Maddux, Peter M Mourani, Kimberly Ralston, Yamila Sierra, Robinder Khemani, Christopher Newth, Anoopindar Bhalla, Jeni Kwok, Rica Morzov, Nadir Yehya, Natalie Napolitano, Marie Murphy, Laurie Ronan, Ryan Morgan, Sherri Kubis, Elizabeth Broden, Rainer Gedeit, Kathy Murkowski, Katherine Woods, Mary Kasch, Yong Y Han, Jeremy T Affolter, Kelly S Tieves, Amber Hughes-Schalk, Ranjit S Chima, Kelli Krallmana, Erin Stoneman, Laura Benken, Toni Yunger, James Schneider, Todd Sweberg, Aaron Kessel, Christopher Carroll, James Santanelli, Kate G Ackerman, Melissa Cullimore, Courtney Rowan, Melissa Bales, W Keith Dockery, Shirin Jafari-Namin, Dana Barry, Keary Jane't, Omar Alibrahim, Nikhil Patankar, Haiping Qiao, Shira Gertz, Fernando Beltramo, Balagangadhar Totapally, Beatriz Govantes, Bria Coates, Lawren Wellisch, Kiona Allen, Avani Shukla, Neal J Thomas, Debbie Spear, Steven L Shein, Shira Gertz, Margaret M Parker, Daniel Sloniewsky, Christine Allen, Amy Harrell, Natalie Cvijanovich, Katri Typpo, Connor Kelley, Caroline King, Anil Sapru, Anna Ratiu, Neda Ashtari, Lindsay Sikora, Asumthia S Jeyapalan, Alvaro Coronado-Munoz, Heidi Flori, Mary K Dahmer, Chaandini Jayachandran, Janet Hume, Dan Nerheim, Michael Spaeder, Michelle Adu-Darko, Lincoln Smith, Silvia Hartmann, Erin Sullivan, Courtney Merritt, Awni Al-Subu, Andrea Blom, John C Lin, Philip Spinella, Deyin D Hsing, Steve Pon, Jim Brian Estil, Richa Gautam, John S Giuliano Jr, Joana Tala

Affiliations

¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
² Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
³ Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
⁶ Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
¹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
¹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Oishei Children's Hospital and University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Massachusetts Children's Medical Center, Worcester, MA.
¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
²² Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Science, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA.

PMID: 32271186
PMCID: PMC7237024
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004345

Abstract

Objectives: Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome is heterogeneous, with a paucity of risk stratification tools to assist with trial design. We aimed to develop and validate mortality prediction models for patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design: Leveraging additional data collection from a preplanned ancillary study (Version 1) of the multinational Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology study, we identified predictors of mortality. Separate models were built for the entire Version 1 cohort, for the cohort excluding neurologic deaths, for intubated subjects, and for intubated subjects excluding neurologic deaths. Models were externally validated in a cohort of intubated pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome patients from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Setting: The derivation cohort represented 100 centers worldwide; the validation cohort was from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Patients: There were 624 and 640 subjects in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively.

Interventions: None.

Measurements and main results: The model for the full cohort included immunocompromised status, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 score, day 0 vasopressor-inotrope score and fluid balance, and PaO2/FIO2 6 hours after pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. This model had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.82), calibration, and internal validation. Models excluding neurologic deaths, for intubated subjects, and for intubated subjects excluding neurologic deaths also demonstrated good discrimination (all area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.84) and calibration. In the validation cohort, models for intubated pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (including and excluding neurologic deaths) had excellent discrimination (both area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.85), but poor calibration. After revision, the model for all intubated subjects remained miscalibrated, whereas the model excluding neurologic deaths showed perfect calibration. Mortality models also stratified ventilator-free days at 28 days in both derivation and validation cohorts.

Conclusions: We describe predictive models for mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome using readily available variables from day 0 of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome which outperform severity of illness scores and which demonstrate utility for composite outcomes such as ventilator-free days. Models can assist with risk stratification for clinical trials.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Yehya’s institution received funding from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Pfizer. Drs. Yehya, Harhay, Sapru, and Flori received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Klein received support from University of Southern California Clinical Translational Science Institute; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Canada; Réseau en Santé Respiratoire du Fonds de Recherche Quebec - Santé (FRQS); and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine. Additional individual funding received from K23-HL136688 (to Dr. Yehya); R00-HL141678 (to Dr. Harhay); Fonds de recherche du Québec Santé (to Dr. Emeriaud); K12-HD047349 (to Dr. Haileselassie); Stanford Maternal Child Health Research Institute Early Career Award (to Dr. Haileselassie); UG3-HL141736 (to Dr. Kneyber); UL1-TR000457 (to Dr. Hsing); and Parker B. Francis Fellowship Program (to Dr. Maddux). Dr. Emeriaud’s institution received funding from FRQS, and he disclosed that he is the principal investigator of a feasibility study of a new ventilator which is financially supported by Maquet Critical Care. Dr. Flori received funding from Thermo Fisher Scientific (scientific advisory), Aerogen Pharma (scientific advisory), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (travel support), and the Michigan Thoracic Society (Board of Directors). Dr. Maddux’s institution received funding from Parker B. Francis Foundation (Fellowship award). Dr. Khemani’s institution received funding from Los Angeles Basin Clinical Translational Science Institute through the NIH; received support for article research from Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
Calibration belts for the separate models predicting PICU mortality in the Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Version 1 (V1) cohort. The calibration belt examines the relationship between estimated probabilities and observed mortality rates, with associated 80% (*light gray*) and 95% (*dark gray*) CIs. Perfect calibration lies along the center (*dashed*) line. The calibration belt is paired to a statistic that tested deviation from the center line, similar to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. All four models developed in the V1 cohort demonstrate good calibration (as indicated by p > 0.05 in all models).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, et al. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet 1967; 2:319–323 - PubMed
1. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:818–824 - PubMed
1. Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, et al. ; ARDS Definition Task Force: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin definition. JAMA 2012; 307:2526–2533 - PubMed
1. Khemani RG, Smith LS, Zimmerman JJ, et al. ; Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group: Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: Definition, incidence, and epidemiology: Proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16:S23–S40 - PubMed
1. Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group: Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: Consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16:428–439 - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Predicting Mortality in Children With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study

Collaborators

Affiliations

Predicting Mortality in Children With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources