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. 2020 Apr 10;10(1):6205.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63443-4.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care Practice

Janjira Jitraknatee  1 , Chidchanok Ruengorn  2   3 , Surapon Nochaiwong  4   5
Affiliations

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care Practice

Janjira Jitraknatee et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among 1,096 primary care type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients in northern Thailand between October 2016 and September 2017. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular rate filtration values of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prevalence with confidence intervals across CKD advanced stages 3-5 were estimated. Factors associated with CKD were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The overall prevalence of CKD was 24.4% (21.9-27.0), with severities of 11.4% (9.7-13.4), 6.8% (5.5-8.5), 4.6% (3.5-6.0), and 1.6% (1.0-2.5) for stages 3 A, 3B, 4, and 5, respectively. Regarding age and glycaemic control, individuals older than 75 years and those with a haemoglobin A1c ≥ 8% had the highest prevalence of 61.3% (51.7-70.1) and 38.6% (34.3-43.2), respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model explained 87.3% of the probability of CKD. The six independent significant risk factors of CKD were older age, retinopathy, albuminuria, haemoglobin A1c ≥ 7%, anaemia, and uric acid>7.5 mg/dL. A relatively high prevalence of CKD, especially in older patients and those with diabetic complications-related to poor glycaemic control, was encountered in this primary care practice. Early identification may help to target optimise care and prevention programs for CKD among T2DM patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age, sex and glycaemic control adjusted prevalence rates of CKD in patients with T2DM. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The AuROC curve and 95%CI of the risk factors of CKD in patients with T2DM. Abbreviations: AuROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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