[Diagnostic difficulties of chronic pulmonary berylliosis in France]

Abstract

Introduction: The epidemiology of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) in France is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the number of prevalent cases of CBD in France between 2010 and 2014.

Methods: We conducted a national survey using a specific questionnaire distributed by the professional pathology services.

Results: In total, 33 CBD cases were reported in France, with a diagnosis established between 1982 and 2014. 85% (28/33) of CBD cases resulted from professional exposure and mostly concerned foundry workers (39%). A definite diagnosis defined by the association of an abnormal beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test and of a granulomatous inflammatory response in the lung, was obtained in 29/33 cases (88%). The other cases were probable CBD, defined by a granulomatous lung disease with a beryllium exposure, but without evidence of beryllium sensitisation. The diagnosis of granulomatous disease was confirmed a mean of 4 years after the end of exposure. The median delay between diagnosis of a granulomatous disease and diagnosis of CBD was 2 years (range 0-38 years). A genetic predisposition was found in 14 of 17 tested patients (82%).

Conclusion: In this study, we report 33 cases of CBD followed in France between 2010 and 2014. The poor understanding of CBD and the exposure leading to it, the late development after the end of exposure, the complexity of the diagnosis and the similarities with sarcoidosis may explain the small number of cases reported.

Keywords: Beryllium sensitisation; Bérylliose pulmonaire chronique; Chronic beryllium disease; Granulomatose; Granulomatous disease; Sensibilisation au béryllium.