Cavitation in soft matter

Affiliations

¹ Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
² Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
³ Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
⁴ Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
⁶ Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁷ Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁸ Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
¹⁰ Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.

PMID: 32291337
PMCID: PMC7196784
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920168117

Cavitation in soft matter

Christopher W Barney et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020.

. 2020 Apr 28;117(17):9157-9165.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1920168117. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
² Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
³ Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
⁴ Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
⁶ Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁷ Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁸ Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.
¹⁰ Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; rrig@seas.upenn.edu shqcai@ucsd.edu leejh@umass.edu speyton@umass.edu tew@mail.pse.umass.edu acrosby@umass.edu.

PMID: 32291337
PMCID: PMC7196784
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920168117

Abstract

Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. Cavitation rheology is a field emerging from the development of a suite of materials characterization, damage quantification, and therapeutic techniques that exploit the physical principles of cavitation. Cavitation rheology is inherently complex and broad in scope with wide-ranging applications in the biology, chemistry, materials, and mechanics communities. This perspective aims to drive collaboration among these communities and guide discussion by defining a common core of high-priority goals while highlighting emerging opportunities in the field of cavitation rheology. A brief overview of the mechanics and dynamics of cavitation in soft matter is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of the overarching goals of cavitation rheology and an overview of common experimental techniques. The larger unmet needs and challenges of cavitation in soft matter are then presented alongside specific opportunities for researchers from different disciplines to contribute to the field.

Keywords: TBI; bubble; rheology; soft solids; traumatic brain injury.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1.**
(A) Example of cavitation in the wake of an artificial heart valve. Reprinted by permission from ref. (Copyright 1999, Springer Nature: Annals of Biomedical Engineering,). (B) Example of cavitation in knuckles as they crack. Reprinted from ref. , which is licensed under CC BY 4.0. (C) Example of cavitation in a synthetic silicone on laser ablation. (D) Schematic of a spherical void of initial radius $r$ in a gel that experiences an unstable snap from a low stretch state to a high stretch state at a critical pressure. (E) Pressure–expansion curves for voids with varying ratios of interfacial energy to elastic modulus. (F) Critical pressure against size scale for a hydrogel with a modulus similar to those reported for biological tissues.

**Fig. 2.**
Schematic and image of cavity formation in (A) NIC, (B) LIC, and (C) AIC. Reprinted by permission from ref. (Copyright 2003, Springer Nature: Doklady Physics).

**Fig. 3.**
Plot of strain rate against shear modulus for NIC, LIC, SIC, and CIC values from the literature. AIC was omitted from the plot due to difficulties in estimating a strain rate for measurements. NIC strain rates were taken as those associated with the properties extracted from the measurement and are thus much lower than values associated with the expansion stage. Bands for strain rates of common blast or impact activities are overlaid on the data (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –104).

**Fig. 4.**
Graphic representation of exclusive and overlapping opportunities for further research in the mechanics, biology, and chemistry communities.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Rambod E., Beizaie M., Shusser M., Milo S., Gharib M., A physical model describing the mechanism for formation of gas microbubbles in patients with mitral mechanical heart valves. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 27, 774–792 (1999). - PubMed
1. Kawchuk G. N., Fryer J., Jaremko J. L., Zeng H., Real-time visualization of joint cavitation. PLoS One 10, 1–11 (2015). - PMC - PubMed
1. Kurosawa Y., et al. , Basic study of brain injury mechanism caused by cavitation. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2009, 7224–7227 (2009). - PubMed
1. Hong Y., Sarntinoranont M., Subhash G., Canchi S., King M. A., Localized tissue surrogate deformation due to controlled single bubble cavitation. Exp. Mech. 56, 97–109 (2016).
1. Salzar R., Treichler D., Wardlaw A., Weiss G., Goeller J., Experimental investigation of cavitation as a possible damage mechanism in blast-induced traumatic brain injury in post-mortem human subject heads. J. Neurotrauma 34, 1589–1602 (2017). - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Cavitation in soft matter

Affiliations

Cavitation in soft matter

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources