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Review
. 2020 Apr 3;4(2):e350.
doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000350. eCollection 2020 Apr.

Beyond DNA Damage: Exploring the Immunomodulatory Effects of Cyclophosphamide in Multiple Myeloma

Dawn Swan  1   2 , Mark Gurney  1   2 , Janusz Krawczyk  1   2 , Aideen E Ryan  3   4 , Michael O'Dwyer  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Beyond DNA Damage: Exploring the Immunomodulatory Effects of Cyclophosphamide in Multiple Myeloma

Dawn Swan et al. Hemasphere. .

Abstract

The alkylating agent cyclophosphamide has been used in the treatment of multiple myeloma for over 60 years. At low doses, cyclophosphamide also has significant immunomodulatory activity, which can be used to modify the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in order to augment responses to existing therapies. Immune-mediated therapies are becoming more widespread in modern approaches to myeloma treatment. In this review, we discuss the effects cyclophosphamide has on the immune system, and how it can be used synergistically with other treatment modalities including the immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies and cellular therapies.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The immunomodulatory effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide in MM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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