New Challenge for Zika Virus Infection: Human Reservoirs?

Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) is considered to cause an acute self-limited infection in adults, and microcephaly in fetus. Presence of the virus for long periods has been detected in body fluids; however, persistent viremia in serum for more than 1 year has not yet been reported. We have investigated persistence of ZIKV in serum samples of 77 subjects who were infected by the virus between 18 months and 3 years before the start of this study. The subjects included children with microcephaly and their parents. Serum samples were subjected to routine RT-qPCR assay for ZIKV, Chikungunya virus, and Dengue virus. From the 77 subjects, five showed positive for the presence of ZIKV particles by RT-qPCR, including four members of the same family. Viral isolation in Vero cells and C6/36 cells confirmed the result and showed the viral particles were active. We have detected viremia in healthy carriers up to 3 years after symptom onset. Humans acting as potential viral reservoirs have major implication for the current understanding of ZIKV infection.

Keywords: Zika virus; immune complacency; persistence; viremia.