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Review
. 2020 Apr 21;21(8):2888.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21082888.

Whole Lotta Lipids-from HCV RNA Replication to the Mature Viral Particle

Hanna Bley  1 , Anja Schöbel  1 , Eva Herker  1
Affiliations
Review

Whole Lotta Lipids-from HCV RNA Replication to the Mature Viral Particle

Hanna Bley et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strongly relies on various lipid metabolic processes in different steps of the viral life cycle. In general, HCV changes the cells' lipidomic profile by differentially regulating key pathways of lipid synthesis, remodeling, and utilization. In this review, we sum up the latest data mainly from the past five years, emphasizing the role of lipids in HCV RNA replication, assembly, and egress. In detail, we highlight changes in the fatty acid content as well as alterations of the membrane lipid composition during replication vesicle formation. We address the role of lipid droplets as a lipid provider during replication and as an essential hub for HCV assembly. Finally, we depict different ideas of HCV maturation and egress including lipoprotein association and potential secretory routes.

Keywords: HCV assembly; HCV egress; HCV replication; fatty acid; hepatitis C virus (HCV); lipid droplets; lipid remodeling; lipid transfer proteins; lipids; membrane vesicles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Modulation of lipid metabolic processes during HCV RNA replication, assembly, and egress. HCV alters cellular FA levels and changes lipid biosynthesis. Lipid transfer proteins are utilized to change the membrane lipid composition in order to efficiently establish vesicular replication compartments. Besides replication vesicles, phagophore membranes also support HCV RNA replication, connecting autophagy to HCV RNA replication. Different lipid-modulating host proteins localize to HCV assembly sites in close proximity to LDs and shape the emerging virions. HCV particles exit the cell at least partially via the canonical secretory pathway. Alternatively, secretion occurs via late endosomes/MVBs. See text for details.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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